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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Author(s): Cao, Wei; Banerjee, Kaustav | Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Author(s): Daya, Michelle; Rafaels, Nicholas; Brunetti, Tonya M; Chavan, Sameer; Levin, Albert M; Shetty, Aniket; Gignoux, Christopher R; Boorgula, Meher Preethi; Wojcik, Genevieve; Campbell, Monica; Vergara, Candelaria; Torgerson, Dara G; Ortega, Victor E; Doumatey, Ayo; Johnston, Henry Richard; Acevedo, Nathalie; Araujo, Maria Ilma; Avila, Pedro C; Belbin, Gillian; Bleecker, Eugene; Bustamante, Carlos; Caraballo, Luis; Cruz, Alvaro; Dunston, Georgia M; Eng, Celeste; Faruque, Mezbah U; Ferguson, Trevor S; Figueiredo, Camila; Ford, Jean G; Gan, Weiniu; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Hansel, Nadia N; Hernandez, Ryan D; Herrera-Paz, Edwin Francisco; Jimenez, Silvia; Kenny, Eimear E; Knight-Madden, Jennifer; Kumar, Rajesh; Lange, Leslie A; Lange, Ethan M; Lizee, Antoine; Maul, Pissamai; Maul, Trevor; Mayorga, Alvaro; Meyers, Deborah; Nicolae, Dan L; O'Connor, Timothy D; Oliveira, Ricardo Riccio; Olopade, Christopher O; Olopade, Olufunmilayo; Qin, Zhaohui S; Rotimi, Charles; Vince, Nicolas; Watson, Harold; Wilks, Rainford J; Wilson, James G; Salzberg, Steven; Ober, Carole; Burchard, Esteban G; Williams, L Keoki; Beaty, Terri H; Taub, Margaret A; Ruczinski, Ingo; Mathias, Rasika A; Barnes, Kathleen C; CAAPA | Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Contains fulltext : 204965.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. 1 p.

Inspired by the social and economic benefits of diversity, we analyze over 9 million papers and 6 million scientists to study the relationship between research impact and five classes of diversity: ethnicity, discipline, gender, affiliation, and academic age. Using randomized baseline models, we establish the presence of homophily in ethnicity, gender and affiliation. We then study the effect of diversity on scientific impact, as reflected in citations. Remarkably, of the classes considered, ethnic diversity had the strongest correlation with scientific impact. To further isolate the effects of ethnic diversity, we used randomized baseline models and again found a clear link between diversity and impact. To further support these findings, we use coarsened exact matching to compare the scientific impact of ethnically diverse papers and scientists with closely-matched control groups. Here, we find that ethnic diversity resulted in an impact gain of 10.63% for papers, and 47.67% for scientists., Diversity is believed to raise effectiveness and performance but it contains many aspects. Here the authors studied the relationship between research impact and five classes of diversity and found that ethnic diversity had the strongest correlation with scientific impact.

From September 12th 2018, Nature Communications will be setting a higher standard of data reporting for papers under peer review. We believe that sharing raw data at an early stage with editors and reviewers is the best way to build confidence in the reproducibility of your findings. Learn here how to ensure that your paper makes the grade.

Nature Communications 6: Article number: 6473 (2015); Published: 9 March 2015; Updated: 7 March 2017 We the authors are retracting this Article as it has come to our attention that there has been inappropriate duplication of images between different figures of the published paper, and between figures in the paper and those in work previously published by the corresponding author (Hidalgo, I.

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 13660 (2016); Published: 16 December 2016; Updated: 9 February 2017 This Article was originally published with an incorrect publication date. The paper was due to be published on 3 Jan 2017, but due to an error was published earlier on the 16 Dec 2016. The publication date in both the PDF and HTML versions of the paper has been updated to reflect this.

Authors of papers submitted from January 2016 will be given the option to publish the peer review history of their paper

Mixing theoretical topological structures with cutting-edge simulation methods, a recent study in Nature Communications has finally confirmed the existence of topological defects in glasses and their crucial role for plasticity., Comment: News and Views commentary for the paper by Wu et Al. [Nat Commun 14, 2955 (2023)]

Sintering theory predicts no long-range mass transport or distortion for uniformly heated particles during particle coalescence. However, in sintering-based manufacturing processes, permanent part distortion is often observed. The driving forces and mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are not understood, and efforts to reduce distortion are largely limited to a trial-and-error approach. In this paper, we demonstrate that distortion during sintering results from mass-transport driven by nonhomogeneous temperature distribution. We then show that hitherto unknown mass transport mechanisms, working in the direction opposite to temperature gradient are the likely cause of distortion. The experimental setup, designed for this purpose, enables the quantification of distortion during sintering. Two possible mass transport mechanisms are defined, and the continuum model applicable to both is formulated. The model accurately predicts the transient and permanent distortion observed during experiments, including their size dependence. Methods to control distortion that can give rise to 4D printing are discussed.

Retrosynthesis analysis is an important task in organic chemistry with numerous industrial applications. Previously, machine learning approaches employing natural language processing techniques achieved promising results in this task by first representing reactant molecules as strings and subsequently predicting reactant molecules using text generation or machine translation models. Chemists cannot readily derive useful insights from traditional approaches that rely largely on atom-level decoding in the string representations, because human experts tend to interpret reactions by analyzing substructures that comprise a molecule. It is well-established that some substructures are stable and remain unchanged in reactions. In this paper, we developed a substructure-level decoding model, where commonly preserved portions of product molecules were automatically extracted with a fully data-driven approach. Our model achieves improvement over previously reported models, and we demonstrate that its performance can be boosted further by enhancing the accuracy of these substructures. Analyzing substructures extracted from our machine learning model can provide human experts with additional insights to assist decision-making in retrosynthesis analysis.

Chemical bonds, including covalent and ionic bonds, endow semiconductors with stable electronic configurations but also impose constraints on their synthesis and lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy. Here, the unique multi-scale van der Waals (vdWs) interactions are explored in one-dimensional tellurium (Te) systems to overcome these restrictions, enabled by the vdWs bonds between Te atomic chains and the spontaneous misfit relaxation at quasi-vdWs interfaces. Wafer-scale Te vdWs nanomeshes composed of self-welding Te nanowires are laterally vapor grown on arbitrary surfaces at a low temperature of 100 °C, bringing greater integration freedoms for enhanced device functionality and broad applicability. The prepared Te vdWs nanomeshes can be patterned at the microscale and exhibit high field-effect hole mobility of 145 cm2/Vs, ultrafast photoresponse below 3 μs in paper-based infrared photodetectors, as well as controllable electronic structure in mixed-dimensional heterojunctions. All these device metrics of Te vdWs nanomesh electronics are promising to meet emerging technological demands.

Metastable noble metal nanocrystals may exhibit distinctive catalytic properties to address the sluggish kinetics of many important processes, including the hydrogen evolution reaction under alkaline conditions for water-electrolysis hydrogen production. However, the exploration of metastable noble metal nanocrystals is still in its infancy and suffers from a lack of sufficient synthesis and electronic engineering strategies to fully stimulate their potential in catalysis. In this paper, we report a synthesis of metastable hexagonal Pt nanostructures by coherent growth on 3d transition metal nanocrystals such as Ni without involving galvanic replacement reaction, which expands the frontier of the phase-replication synthesis. Unlike noble metal substrates, the 3d transition metal substrate owns more crystal phases and lower cost and endows the hexagonal Pt skin with substantial compressive strains and programmable charge density, making the electronic properties particularly preferred for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. The energy barriers are greatly reduced, pushing the activity to 133 mA cmgeo–2 and 17.4 mA μgPt–1 at –70 mV with 1.5 µg of Pt in 1 M KOH. Our strategy paves the way for metastable noble metal catalysts with tailored electronic properties for highly efficient and cost-effective energy conversion.

Data availability: The data generated in this study and used in Figs. 1, 3 and 4 and Supplementary Figures are provided in the Source Data folder. Source data are provided with this paper online at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-37728-x#Sec27.. Code availability: The code can be found at https://github.com/LisaOJWinkler/UTPM. Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. The growing urban transport sector presents towns and cities with an escalating challenge in the reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we assess the effectiveness of several widely considered policy options (electrification, light-weighting, retrofitting, scrapping, regulated manufacturing standards and modal shift) in achieving the transition to sustainable urban mobility in terms of their emissions and energy impact until 2050. Our analysis investigates the severity of actions needed to comply with Paris compliant regional sub-sectoral carbon budgets. We introduce the Urban Transport Policy Model (UTPM) for passenger car fleets and use London as an urban case study to show that current policies are insufficient to meet climate targets. We conclude that, as well as implementation of emission-reducing changes in vehicle design, a rapid and large-scale reduction in car use is necessary to meet stringent carbon budgets and avoid high energy demand. Yet, without increased consensus in sub-national and sectoral carbon budgets, the scale of reduction necessary stays uncertain. Nevertheless, it is certain we need to act urgently and intensively across all policy mechanisms available as well as developing new policy options. We acknowledge the support of the Climate Compatible Growth programme, which is funded by UK aid from the UK government. However, the views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies. L.W. and O.B. acknowledge Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment at Imperial College London for their support. J.N. thanks the Royal Society for award of a Research Professorship. D.P. and J.N. acknowledge the support of the UKRI’s Strategic Priorities Fund. D.P., O.B. and J.N. acknowledge funding from Imperial’s EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account (award number EP/R511547/1) and funding from EPSRC (award number EP/T028513/1).

Diversity of physical encounters in urban environments is known to spur economic productivity while also fostering social capital. However, mobility restrictions during the pandemic have forced people to reduce urban encounters, raising questions about the social implications of behavioral changes. In this paper, we study how individual income diversity of urban encounters changed during the pandemic, using a large-scale, privacy-enhanced mobility dataset of more than one million anonymized mobile phone users in Boston, Dallas, Los Angeles, and Seattle, across three years spanning before and during the pandemic. We find that the diversity of urban encounters has substantially decreased (by 15% to 30%) during the pandemic and has persisted through late 2021, even though aggregated mobility metrics have recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Counterfactual analyses show that behavioral changes including lower willingness to explore new places further decreased the diversity of encounters in the long term. Our findings provide implications for managing the trade-off between the stringency of COVID-19 policies and the diversity of urban encounters as we move beyond the pandemic.

Magnetoelectric coupling, as a fundamental physical nature and with the potential to add functionality to devices while also reducing energy consumption, has been challenging to be probed in freestanding membranes or two-dimensional materials due to their instability and fragility. In this paper, we report a magnetoelectric coupling probed by optical second harmonic generation with external magnetic field, and show the manipulation of the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders by the magnetic and thermal fields in BiFeO3 films epitaxially grown on the substrates and in the freestanding ones. Here we define an optical magnetoelectric-coupling constant, denoting the ability of controlling light-induced nonlinear polarization by the magnetic field, and found the magnetoelectric-coupling was suppressed by strain releasing but remain robust against thermal fluctuation for freestanding BiFeO3.