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The original version of this Article contained an error in the affiliation of the second author, Ya-Ting Chang. The correct affiliations for Ya-Ting Chang are Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan and International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death worldwide. Restoration of blood flow rescues myocardium but also causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we show that in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain, ischemia-reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction is reduced, and this cardioprotection is induced via an anterior nucleus of paraventricular thalamus (PVA)-dependent parasympathetic pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in the PVA abolishes neuropathic pain-induced cardioprotection, whereas activation of PVA neurons pharmacologically, or optogenetic stimulation, is sufficient to induce cardioprotection. Furthermore, neuropathic injury and optogenetic stimulation of PVA neurons reduce the heart rate. These results suggest that the parasympathetic nerve is responsible for this unexpected cardioprotective effect of chronic neuropathic pain in mice.Various forms of preconditioning can prevent ischemic-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction. Here, the authors show that in mice, the presence of chronic neuropathic pain can have a cardioprotective effect, and that this is dependent on neural activation in the paraventricular thalamus.