10 results on '"Dominique Gravel"'
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2. Diverse interactions and ecosystem engineering can stabilize community assembly
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Justin D. Yeakel, Mathias M. Pires, Marcus A. M. de Aguiar, James L. O’Donnell, Paulo R. Guimarães, Dominique Gravel, and Thilo Gross
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Science - Abstract
The dynamics of ecological communities depends on interactions between species as well as those between species and their environment, however the effects of the latter are poorly understood. Here, Yeakel et al. reveal how species that modify their environment (ecosystem engineers) impact community dynamics and the risk of extinction.
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- 2020
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3. Identifying a common backbone of interactions underlying food webs from different ecosystems
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Bernat Bramon Mora, Dominique Gravel, Luis J. Gilarranz, Timothée Poisot, and Daniel B. Stouffer
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Science - Abstract
The structure of ecological networks can vary dramatically, yet there may be common features across networks from different ecosystem types. Here, Bramon Mora et al. use network alignment to demonstrate that there is a common backbone of interactions underlying empirical food webs.
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- 2018
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4. Stability and complexity in model meta-ecosystems
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Dominique Gravel, François Massol, and Mathew A. Leibold
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Science - Abstract
The mechanisms allowing highly biodiverse ecosystems to remain stable are poorly understood. Here, Gravel and colleagues provide theoretical evidence that dispersal of organisms and material modifies species interactions and thus enables highly biodiverse communities to exist.
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- 2016
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5. No complexity–stability relationship in empirical ecosystems
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Claire Jacquet, Charlotte Moritz, Lyne Morissette, Pierre Legagneux, François Massol, Philippe Archambault, and Dominique Gravel
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Science - Abstract
A long-standing ecological hypothesis is that complexity should decrease stability in food webs. Here, Jacquet and colleagues analyse over 100 real-world food webs and show that complexity does not decrease stability, but that a high frequency of weak species interactions stabilizes complex food webs.
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- 2016
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6. Landscape heterogeneity buffers biodiversity of simulated meta-food-webs under global change through rescue and drainage effects
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Remo Ryser, Myriam R. Hirt, Johanna Häussler, Dominique Gravel, and Ulrich Brose
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Population Density ,Food Chain ,Population dynamics ,Conservation biology ,Science ,Biodiversity ,Eutrophication ,Plants ,Models, Biological ,Article ,Natural Resources ,Predatory Behavior ,Ecological networks ,Animals ,Animal Migration ,Computer Simulation ,Herbivory ,Ecosystem - Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and eutrophication have strong impacts on biodiversity. Metacommunity research demonstrated that reduction in landscape connectivity may cause biodiversity loss in fragmented landscapes. Food-web research addressed how eutrophication can cause local biodiversity declines. However, there is very limited understanding of their cumulative impacts as they could amplify or cancel each other. Our simulations of meta-food-webs show that dispersal and trophic processes interact through two complementary mechanisms. First, the ‘rescue effect’ maintains local biodiversity by rapid recolonization after a local crash in population densities. Second, the ‘drainage effect’ stabilizes biodiversity by preventing overshooting of population densities on eutrophic patches. In complex food webs on large spatial networks of habitat patches, these effects yield systematically higher biodiversity in heterogeneous than in homogeneous landscapes. Our meta-food-web approach reveals a strong interaction between habitat fragmentation and eutrophication and provides a mechanistic explanation of how landscape heterogeneity promotes biodiversity., Habitat fragmentation and eutrophication have strong impacts on biodiversity but there is limited understanding of their cumulative impacts. This study presents simulations of meta-food-webs and provides a mechanistic explanation of how landscape heterogeneity promotes biodiversity through rescue and drainage effects.
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- 2020
7. Identifying a common backbone of interactions underlying food webs from different ecosystems
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Timothée Poisot, Daniel B. Stouffer, Bernat Bramon Mora, Dominique Gravel, and Luis J. Gilarranz
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Competitive Behavior ,Food Chain ,Science ,Biome ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Datasets as Topic ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,lcsh:Science ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,Models, Statistical ,General Chemistry ,15. Life on land ,Ecological network ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Evolutionary biology ,Predatory Behavior ,Network alignment ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Although the structure of empirical food webs can differ between ecosystems, there is growing evidence of multiple ways in which they also exhibit common topological properties. To reconcile these contrasting observations, we postulate the existence of a backbone of interactions underlying all ecological networks—a common substructure within every network comprised of species playing similar ecological roles—and a periphery of species whose idiosyncrasies help explain the differences between networks. To test this conjecture, we introduce a new approach to investigate the structural similarity of 411 food webs from multiple environments and biomes. We first find significant differences in the way species in different ecosystems interact with each other. Despite these differences, we then show that there is compelling evidence of a common backbone of interactions underpinning all food webs. We expect that identifying a backbone of interactions will shed light on the rules driving assembly of different ecological communities., The structure of ecological networks can vary dramatically, yet there may be common features across networks from different ecosystem types. Here, Bramon Mora et al. use network alignment to demonstrate that there is a common backbone of interactions underlying empirical food webs.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. No complexity–stability relationship in empirical ecosystems
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Lyne Morissette, Dominique Gravel, Philippe Archambault, Pierre Legagneux, Claire Jacquet, Charlotte Moritz, François Massol, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre de la Science et de la Biodiversité du Québec - Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science (CSBQ - QCBS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), M – Expertise Marine, 10 rue Luce-Drapeau, Luceville, G0K1P0, Quebec, Canada, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Québec-Océan, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval, Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0106 biological sciences ,Science ,education ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Interaction strength ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Predation ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Ecosystem ,Natural ecosystem ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,General Chemistry ,Food web ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Species richness ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Intuition - Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for stability and persistence of ecosystems is one of the greatest challenges in ecology. Robert May showed that, contrary to intuition, complex randomly built ecosystems are less likely to be stable than simpler ones. Few attempts have been tried to test May's prediction empirically, and we still ignore what is the actual complexity–stability relationship in natural ecosystems. Here we perform a stability analysis of 116 quantitative food webs sampled worldwide. We find that classic descriptors of complexity (species richness, connectance and interaction strength) are not associated with stability in empirical food webs. Further analysis reveals that a correlation between the effects of predators on prey and those of prey on predators, combined with a high frequency of weak interactions, stabilize food web dynamics relative to the random expectation. We conclude that empirical food webs have several non-random properties contributing to the absence of a complexity–stability relationship., A long-standing ecological hypothesis is that complexity should decrease stability in food webs. Here, Jacquet and colleagues analyse over 100 real-world food webs and show that complexity does not decrease stability, but that a high frequency of weak species interactions stabilizes complex food webs.
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- 2016
- Full Text
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9. Stability and complexity in model meta-ecosystems
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François Massol, Dominique Gravel, Mathew A. Leibold, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Population Dynamics ,Biodiversity ,Complex system ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Stability (probability) ,Models, Biological ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,Computer Simulation ,Multidisciplinary ,[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Ecology ,Fragmentation (computing) ,General Chemistry ,Mathematical Concepts ,15. Life on land ,030104 developmental biology ,Habitat destruction ,Community diversity ,13. Climate action ,Biological dispersal - Abstract
The diversity of life and its organization in networks of interacting species has been a long-standing theoretical puzzle for ecologists. Ever since May's provocative paper challenging whether ‘large complex systems [are] stable' various hypotheses have been proposed to explain when stability should be the rule, not the exception. Spatial dynamics may be stabilizing and thus explain high community diversity, yet existing theory on spatial stabilization is limited, preventing comparisons of the role of dispersal relative to species interactions. Here we incorporate dispersal of organisms and material into stability–complexity theory. We find that stability criteria from classic theory are relaxed in direct proportion to the number of ecologically distinct patches in the meta-ecosystem. Further, we find the stabilizing effect of dispersal is maximal at intermediate intensity. Our results highlight how biodiversity can be vulnerable to factors, such as landscape fragmentation and habitat loss, that isolate local communities., The mechanisms allowing highly biodiverse ecosystems to remain stable are poorly understood. Here, Gravel and colleagues provide theoretical evidence that dispersal of organisms and material modifies species interactions and thus enables highly biodiverse communities to exist.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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10. Phylogenetic constraints on ecosystem functioning
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Thomas Bell, Marine Combe, Nicolas Mouquet, Thomas Pommier, Dominique Gravel, Claire Barbera, Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], CalTech-CSO (CSO), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Canada Research Chair Program, NSERC, Royal Society, and [ANR-BACH-09-JCJC-0110-01]
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0106 biological sciences ,EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,CONSERVATION ,Biodiversity ,DIVERSITY ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Marine Biology ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Phylogenetics ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,TREE ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Multidisciplinary ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Phylogenetic tree ,Community ,PRODUCTIVITY ,Bacteria ,Ecology ,CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ,Species diversity ,General Chemistry ,respiratory system ,15. Life on land ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Biological Evolution ,LIFE ,Phylogenetic diversity ,Complementarity (molecular biology) ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,COMMUNITY ECOLOGY ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,human activities - Abstract
International audience; There is consensus that biodiversity losses will result in declining ecosystem functioning if species have different functional traits. Phylogenetic diversity has recently been suggested as a predictor of ecosystem functioning because it could approximate the functional complementarity among species. Here we describe an experiment that takes advantage of the rapid evolutionary response of bacteria to disentangle the role of phylogenetic and species diversity. We impose a strong selection regime on marine bacterial lineages and assemble the ancestral and evolved lines in microcosms of varying lineage and phylogenetic diversity. We find that the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and productivity is strong for the ancestral lineages but brakes down for the evolved lineages. Our results not only emphasize the potential of using phylogeny to evaluate ecosystem functioning, but also they warn against using phylogenetics as a proxy for functional diversity without good information on species evolutionary history.
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- 2012
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