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2. Cosmic kidney disease: an integrated pan-omic, physiological and morphological study into spaceflight-induced renal dysfunction

Author

Siew, Keith, Nestler, Kevin A., Nelson, Charlotte, D’Ambrosio, Viola, Zhong, Chutong, Li, Zhongwang, Grillo, Alessandra, Wan, Elizabeth R., Patel, Vaksha, Overbey, Eliah, Kim, JangKeun, Yun, Sanghee, Vaughan, Michael B., Cheshire, Chris, Cubitt, Laura, Broni-Tabi, Jessica, Al-Jaber, Maneera Yousef, Boyko, Valery, Meydan, Cem, Barker, Peter, Arif, Shehbeel, Afsari, Fatemeh, Allen, Noah, Al-Maadheed, Mohammed, Altinok, Selin, Bah, Nourdine, Border, Samuel, Brown, Amanda L., Burling, Keith, Cheng-Campbell, Margareth, Colón, Lorianna M., Degoricija, Lovorka, Figg, Nichola, Finch, Rebecca, Foox, Jonathan, Faridi, Pouya, French, Alison, Gebre, Samrawit, Gordon, Peter, Houerbi, Nadia, Valipour Kahrood, Hossein, Kiffer, Frederico C., Klosinska, Aleksandra S., Kubik, Angela, Lee, Han-Chung, Li, Yinghui, Lucarelli, Nicholas, Marullo, Anthony L., Matei, Irina, McCann, Colleen M., Mimar, Sayat, Naglah, Ahmed, Nicod, Jérôme, O’Shaughnessy, Kevin M., Oliveira, Lorraine Christine De, Oswalt, Leah, Patras, Laura Ioana, Lai Polo, San-huei, Rodríguez-Lopez, María, Roufosse, Candice, Sadeghi-Alavijeh, Omid, Sanchez-Hodge, Rebekah, Paul, Anindya S., Schittenhelm, Ralf Bernd, Schweickart, Annalise, Scott, Ryan T., Choy Lim Kam Sian, Terry Chin, da Silveira, Willian A., Slawinski, Hubert, Snell, Daniel, Sosa, Julio, Saravia-Butler, Amanda M., Tabetah, Marshall, Tanuwidjaya, Erwin, Walker-Samuel, Simon, Yang, Xiaoping, Yasmin, Zhang, Haijian, Godovac-Zimmermann, Jasminka, Sarder, Pinaki, Sanders, Lauren M., Costes, Sylvain V., Campbell, Robert A. A., Karouia, Fathi, Mohamed-Alis, Vidya, Rodriques, Samuel, Lynham, Steven, Steele, Joel Ricky, Baranzini, Sergio, Fazelinia, Hossein, Dai, Zhongquan, Uruno, Akira, Shiba, Dai, Yamamoto, Masayuki, A.C.Almeida, Eduardo, Blaber, Elizabeth, Schisler, Jonathan C., Eisch, Amelia J., Muratani, Masafumi, Zwart, Sara R., Smith, Scott M., Galazka, Jonathan M., Mason, Christopher E., Beheshti, Afshin, and Walsh, Stephen B.

Published
2024
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5. Elevated plasma complement factor H related 5 protein is associated with venous thromboembolism

Author

Iglesias, Maria Jesus, Sanchez-Rivera, Laura, Ibrahim-Kosta, Manal, Naudin, Clément, Munsch, Gaëlle, Goumidi, Louisa, Farm, Maria, Smith, Philip M., Thibord, Florian, Kral-Pointner, Julia Barbara, Hong, Mun-Gwan, Suchon, Pierre, Germain, Marine, Schrottmaier, Waltraud, Dusart, Philip, Boland, Anne, Kotol, David, Edfors, Fredrik, Koprulu, Mine, Pietzner, Maik, Langenberg, Claudia, Damrauer, Scott M., Johnson, Andrew D., Klarin, Derek M., Smith, Nicholas L., Smadja, David M., Holmström, Margareta, Magnusson, Maria, Silveira, Angela, Uhlén, Mathias, Renné, Thomas, Martinez-Perez, Angel, Emmerich, Joseph, Deleuze, Jean-Francois, Antovic, Jovan, Soria Fernandez, Jose Manuel, Assinger, Alice, Schwenk, Jochen M., Souto Andres, Joan Carles, Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Butler, Lynn Marie, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, and Odeberg, Jacob

Published
2023
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6. Author Correction: Elevated plasma complement factor H related 5 protein is associated with venous thromboembolism

Author

Iglesias, Maria Jesus, Sanchez-Rivera, Laura, Ibrahim-Kosta, Manal, Naudin, Clément, Munsch, Gaëlle, Goumidi, Louisa, Farm, Maria, Smith, Philip M., Thibord, Florian, Kral-Pointner, Julia Barbara, Hong, Mun-Gwan, Suchon, Pierre, Germain, Marine, Schrottmaier, Waltraud, Dusart, Philip, Boland, Anne, Kotol, David, Edfors, Fredrik, Koprulu, Mine, Pietzner, Maik, Langenberg, Claudia, Damrauer, Scott M., Johnson, Andrew D., Klarin, Derek M., Smith, Nicholas L., Smadja, David M., Holmström, Margareta, Magnusson, Maria, Silveira, Angela, Uhlén, Mathias, Renné, Thomas, Martinez-Perez, Angel, Emmerich, Joseph, Deleuze, Jean-Francois, Antovic, Jovan, Soria Fernandez, Jose Manuel, Assinger, Alice, Schwenk, Jochen M., Souto Andres, Joan Carles, Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Butler, Lynn Marie, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, and Odeberg, Jacob

Published
2023
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8. Deletion of CTCF sites in the SHH locus alters enhancer-promoter interactions and leads to acheiropodia.

Author

Ushiki, Aki, Zhang, Yichi, Xiong, Chenling, Zhao, Jingjing, Georgakopoulos-Soares, Ilias, Kane, Lauren, Jamieson, Kirsty, Bamshad, Michael J, Nickerson, Deborah A, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Shen, Yin, Lettice, Laura A, Silveira-Lucas, Elizabeth Lemos, Petit, Florence, and Ahituv, Nadav

Subjects
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Extremities, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Humans, Mice, Foot Deformities, Congenital, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Disease Models, Animal, Membrane Proteins, Species Specificity, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Sequence Deletion, Binding Sites, Introns, Exons, Female, Male, Hedgehog Proteins, Embryo, Mammalian, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Genetic Testing, Genetic Loci, Whole Genome Sequencing, CCCTC-Binding Factor, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing, Disease Models, Animal, Embryo, Mammalian, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Foot Deformities, Congenital, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Hand Deformities, Knockout, Promoter Regions
Abstract

Acheiropodia, congenital limb truncation, is associated with homozygous deletions in the LMBR1 gene around ZRS, an enhancer regulating SHH during limb development. How these deletions lead to this phenotype is unknown. Using whole-genome sequencing, we fine-mapped the acheiropodia-associated region to 12 kb and show that it does not function as an enhancer. CTCF and RAD21 ChIP-seq together with 4C-seq and DNA FISH identify three CTCF sites within the acheiropodia-deleted region that mediate the interaction between the ZRS and the SHH promoter. This interaction is substituted with other CTCF sites centromeric to the ZRS in the disease state. Mouse knockouts of the orthologous 12 kb sequence have no apparent abnormalities, showcasing the challenges in modelling CTCF alterations in animal models due to inherent motif differences between species. Our results show that alterations in CTCF motifs can lead to a Mendelian condition due to altered enhancer-promoter interactions.

Published
2021

9. Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production

Author

Baker, CJ, Bertsche, W, Capra, A, Cesar, CL, Charlton, M, Mathad, A Cridland, Eriksson, S, Evans, A, Evetts, N, Fabbri, S, Fajans, J, Friesen, T, Fujiwara, MC, Grandemange, P, Granum, P, Hangst, JS, Hayden, ME, Hodgkinson, D, Isaac, CA, Johnson, MA, Jones, JM, Jones, SA, Jonsell, S, Kurchaninov, L, Madsen, N, Maxwell, D, McKenna, JTK, Menary, S, Momose, T, Mullan, P, Olchanski, K, Olin, A, Peszka, J, Powell, A, Pusa, P, Rasmussen, CØ, Robicheaux, F, Sacramento, RL, Sameed, M, Sarid, E, Silveira, DM, Stutter, G, So, C, Tharp, TD, Thompson, RI, van der Werf, DP, and Wurtele, JS

Abstract

The positron, the antiparticle of the electron, predicted by Dirac in 1931 and discovered by Anderson in 1933, plays a key role in many scientific and everyday endeavours. Notably, the positron is a constituent of antihydrogen, the only long-lived neutral antimatter bound state that can currently be synthesized at low energy, presenting a prominent system for testing fundamental symmetries with high precision. Here, we report on the use of laser cooled Be+ ions to sympathetically cool a large and dense plasma of positrons to directly measured temperatures below 7 K in a Penning trap for antihydrogen synthesis. This will likely herald a significant increase in the amount of antihydrogen available for experimentation, thus facilitating further improvements in studies of fundamental symmetries.

Published
2021

10. Optical imaging of metabolic dynamics in animals.

Author

Shi, Lingyan, Zheng, Chaogu, Shen, Yihui, Chen, Zhixing, Silveira, Edilson S, Zhang, Luyuan, Wei, Mian, Liu, Chang, de Sena-Tomas, Carmen, Targoff, Kimara, and Min, Wei

Subjects
COS Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, Hela Cells, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Zebrafish, Humans, Mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, Carbon, Deuterium, Deuterium Oxide, Macromolecular Substances, Lipids, Contrast Media, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Neoplasm Transplantation, Metabolism, Scattering, Radiation, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Lipid Metabolism, Optical Imaging, Chlorocebus aethiops, HeLa Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, Inbred C57BL, Cercopithecus aethiops, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Scattering, Radiation, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Abstract

Direct visualization of metabolic dynamics in living animals with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential to understanding many biological processes. Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D2O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to image in situ metabolic activities. Enzymatic incorporation of D2O-derived deuterium into macromolecules generates carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds, which track biosynthesis in tissues and can be imaged by SRS in situ. Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. DO-SRS microscopy enables us to probe de novo lipogenesis in animals, image protein biosynthesis without tissue bias, and simultaneously visualize lipid and protein metabolism and reveal their different dynamics. DO-SRS microscopy, being noninvasive, universally applicable, and cost-effective, can be adapted to a broad range of biological systems to study development, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity.

Published
2018

11. A promiscuous cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase for lignin bioconversion.

Author

Mallinson, Sam JB, Machovina, Melodie M, Silveira, Rodrigo L, Garcia-Borràs, Marc, Gallup, Nathan, Johnson, Christopher W, Allen, Mark D, Skaf, Munir S, Crowley, Michael F, Neidle, Ellen L, Houk, Kendall N, Beckham, Gregg T, DuBois, Jennifer L, and McGeehan, John E

Subjects
Actinobacteria, Lignin, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating, Bacterial Proteins, Substrate Specificity, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Multimerization, Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating
Abstract

Microbial aromatic catabolism offers a promising approach to convert lignin, a vast source of renewable carbon, into useful products. Aryl-O-demethylation is an essential biochemical reaction to ultimately catabolize coniferyl and sinapyl lignin-derived aromatic compounds, and is often a key bottleneck for both native and engineered bioconversion pathways. Here, we report the comprehensive characterization of a promiscuous P450 aryl-O-demethylase, consisting of a cytochrome P450 protein from the family CYP255A (GcoA) and a three-domain reductase (GcoB) that together represent a new two-component P450 class. Though originally described as converting guaiacol to catechol, we show that this system efficiently demethylates both guaiacol and an unexpectedly wide variety of lignin-relevant monomers. Structural, biochemical, and computational studies of this novel two-component system elucidate the mechanism of its broad substrate specificity, presenting it as a new tool for a critical step in biological lignin conversion.

Published
2018

12. Antihydrogen accumulation for fundamental symmetry tests.

Author

Ahmadi, M, Alves, BXR, Baker, CJ, Bertsche, W, Butler, E, Capra, A, Carruth, C, Cesar, CL, Charlton, M, Cohen, S, Collister, R, Eriksson, S, Evans, A, Evetts, N, Fajans, J, Friesen, T, Fujiwara, MC, Gill, DR, Gutierrez, A, Hangst, JS, Hardy, WN, Hayden, ME, Isaac, CA, Ishida, A, Johnson, MA, Jones, SA, Jonsell, S, Kurchaninov, L, Madsen, N, Mathers, M, Maxwell, D, McKenna, JTK, Menary, S, Michan, JM, Momose, T, Munich, JJ, Nolan, P, Olchanski, K, Olin, A, Pusa, P, Rasmussen, CØ, Robicheaux, F, Sacramento, RL, Sameed, M, Sarid, E, Silveira, DM, Stracka, S, Stutter, G, So, C, Tharp, TD, Thompson, JE, Thompson, RI, van der Werf, DP, and Wurtele, JS

Abstract

Antihydrogen, a positron bound to an antiproton, is the simplest anti-atom. Its structure and properties are expected to mirror those of the hydrogen atom. Prospects for precision comparisons of the two, as tests of fundamental symmetries, are driving a vibrant programme of research. In this regard, a limiting factor in most experiments is the availability of large numbers of cold ground state antihydrogen atoms. Here, we describe how an improved synthesis process results in a maximum rate of 10.5 ± 0.6 atoms trapped and detected per cycle, corresponding to more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous work. Additionally, we demonstrate how detailed control of electron, positron and antiproton plasmas enables repeated formation and trapping of antihydrogen atoms, with the simultaneous retention of atoms produced in previous cycles. We report a record of 54 detected annihilation events from a single release of the trapped anti-atoms accumulated from five consecutive cycles.Antihydrogen studies are important in testing the fundamental principles of physics but producing antihydrogen in large amounts is challenging. Here the authors demonstrate an efficient and high-precision method for trapping and stacking antihydrogen by using controlled plasma.

Published
2017

13. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Fauset, Sophie, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Baker, Timothy R., Chao, Kuo-Jung, Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, Emanuel, Higuchi, Niro, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanne, Lloyd, Jon, Liu, Haiyan, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz, Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Poorter, Lourens, Silveira, Marcos, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Dávila, Esteban Alvarez, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Almeida, Everton, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Baisie, Michel, Baraloto, Christopher, Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barroso, Jorcely, Blanc, Lilian, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Boot, René, Brown, Foster, Burban, Benoit, Camargo, José Luís, Castro, Wendeson, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Chave, Jerome, Comiskey, James, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, da Costa, Antonio Lola, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Di Fiore, Anthony, Dourdain, Aurélie, Erwin, Terry, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Herrera, Rafael, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Killeen, Timothy, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Ladvocat, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovejoy, Thomas, Meir, Patrick, Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David, Nogueira Lima, Adriano José, Vargas, Percy Nuñez, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Pardo, Guido, Peacock, Julie, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Pickavance, Georgia, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Prieto, Adriana, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Quesada, Carlos, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, de Almeida Reis, Simone Matias, Rejou-Machain, Maxime, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, Rudas, Agustín, Salomão, Rafael, Serrano, Julio, Espejo, Javier Silva, Silva, Natalino, Singh, James, Stahl, Clement, Stropp, Juliana, Swamy, Varun, Talbot, Joey, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Raquel, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, van der Heijden, Geertje, van der Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Vos, Vincent, Zagt, Roderick, Zuidema, Pieter, and Galbraith, David

Published
2021
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15. Non-structural carbohydrates mediate seasonal water stress across Amazon forests

Author

Signori-Müller, Caroline, Oliveira, Rafael S., Barros, Fernanda de Vasconcellos, Tavares, Julia Valentim, Gilpin, Martin, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Zevallos, Manuel J. Marca, Yupayccana, Carlos A. Salas, Acosta, Martin, Bacca, Jean, Chino, Rudi S. Cruz, Cuellar, Gina M. Aramayo, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Martinez, Franklin, Mullisaca, Flor M. Pérez, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. Bañon, da Silva, Leticia Fernandes, Tello, Ligia, Tintaya, José Sanchez, Ugarteche, Maira T. Martinez, Baker, Timothy R., Bittencourt, Paulo R. L., Borma, Laura S., Brum, Mauro, Castro, Wendeson, Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio, Cosio, Eric G., Feldpausch, Ted R., Fonseca, Letícia d’Agosto Miguel, Gloor, Emanuel, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Phillips, Oliver L., Salinas, Norma, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Mencuccini, Maurizio, and Galbraith, David

Published
2021
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16. Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility.

Author

Wessel, Jennifer, Chu, Audrey Y, Willems, Sara M, Wang, Shuai, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Brody, Jennifer A, Dauriz, Marco, Hivert, Marie-France, Raghavan, Sridharan, Lipovich, Leonard, Hidalgo, Bertha, Fox, Keolu, Huffman, Jennifer E, An, Ping, Lu, Yingchang, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J, Grarup, Niels, Ehm, Margaret G, Li, Li, Baldridge, Abigail S, Stančáková, Alena, Abrol, Ravinder, Besse, Céline, Boland, Anne, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Fornage, Myriam, Freitag, Daniel F, Garcia, Melissa E, Guo, Xiuqing, Hara, Kazuo, Isaacs, Aaron, Jakobsdottir, Johanna, Lange, Leslie A, Layton, Jill C, Li, Man, Hua Zhao, Jing, Meidtner, Karina, Morrison, Alanna C, Nalls, Mike A, Peters, Marjolein J, Sabater-Lleal, Maria, Schurmann, Claudia, Silveira, Angela, Smith, Albert V, Southam, Lorraine, Stoiber, Marcus H, Strawbridge, Rona J, Taylor, Kent D, Varga, Tibor V, Allin, Kristine H, Amin, Najaf, Aponte, Jennifer L, Aung, Tin, Barbieri, Caterina, Bihlmeyer, Nathan A, Boehnke, Michael, Bombieri, Cristina, Bowden, Donald W, Burns, Sean M, Chen, Yuning, Chen, Yii-DerI, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Correa, Adolfo, Czajkowski, Jacek, Dehghan, Abbas, Ehret, Georg B, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Escher, Stefan A, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Frånberg, Mattias, Gambaro, Giovanni, Giulianini, Franco, Goddard, William A, Goel, Anuj, Gottesman, Omri, Grove, Megan L, Gustafsson, Stefan, Hai, Yang, Hallmans, Göran, Heo, Jiyoung, Hoffmann, Per, Ikram, Mohammad K, Jensen, Richard A, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Karaleftheri, Maria, Khor, Chiea C, Kirkpatrick, Andrea, Kraja, Aldi T, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lange, Ethan M, Lee, IT, Lee, Wen-Jane, Leong, Aaron, Liao, Jiemin, Liu, Chunyu, Liu, Yongmei, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Linneberg, Allan, and Malerba, Giovanni

Subjects
EPIC-InterAct Consortium, Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Insulin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase, Blood Glucose, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Fasting, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, African Continental Ancestry Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetic Variation, Genetic Loci, Genetic Association Studies, Mutation Rate, Exome, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Diabetes, Genetics, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Prevention, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and Endocrine
Abstract

Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.4%) with lower FG (β=-0.09±0.01 mmol l(-1), P=3.4 × 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95%CI]=0.86[0.76-0.96], P=0.010), early insulin secretion (β=-0.07±0.035 pmolinsulin mmolglucose(-1), P=0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (β=0.16±0.05 mmol l(-1), P=4.3 × 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (pSKAT=6.8 × 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF=20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (β=0.02±0.004 mmol l(-1), P=1.3 × 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.

Published
2015

17. An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen.

Author

Amole, C, Ashkezari, MD, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bertsche, W, Butler, E, Capra, A, Cesar, CL, Charlton, M, Eriksson, S, Fajans, J, Friesen, T, Fujiwara, MC, Gill, DR, Gutierrez, A, Hangst, JS, Hardy, WN, Hayden, ME, Isaac, CA, Jonsell, S, Kurchaninov, L, Little, A, Madsen, N, McKenna, JTK, Menary, S, Napoli, SC, Nolan, P, Olchanski, K, Olin, A, Povilus, A, Pusa, P, Rasmussen, CØ, Robicheaux, F, Sarid, E, Silveira, DM, So, C, Tharp, TD, Thompson, RI, van der Werf, DP, Vendeiro, Z, Wurtele, JS, Zhmoginov, AI, and Charman, AE

Abstract

The properties of antihydrogen are expected to be identical to those of hydrogen, and any differences would constitute a profound challenge to the fundamental theories of physics. The most commonly discussed antiatom-based tests of these theories are searches for antihydrogen-hydrogen spectral differences (tests of CPT (charge-parity-time) invariance) or gravitational differences (tests of the weak equivalence principle). Here we, the ALPHA Collaboration, report a different and somewhat unusual test of CPT and of quantum anomaly cancellation. A retrospective analysis of the influence of electric fields on antihydrogen atoms released from the ALPHA trap finds a mean axial deflection of 4.1 ± 3.4 mm for an average axial electric field of 0.51 V mm(-1). Combined with extensive numerical modelling, this measurement leads to a bound on the charge Qe of antihydrogen of Q=(-1.3 ± 1.1 ± 0.4) × 10(-8). Here, e is the unit charge, and the errors are from statistics and systematic effects.

Published
2014

18. Description and first application of a new technique to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen

Author

Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D, Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L, Charlton, M., Eriksson, S., Fajans, J., Friesen, T., Fujiwara, M. C, Gill, D. R, Gutierrez, A., Hangst, J. S, Hardy, W. N, Hayden, M. E, Isaac, C. A, Jonsell, S., Kurchaninov, L., Little, A., Madsen, N., McKenna, J. T. K, Menary, S., Napoli, S. C, Nolan, P., Olin, A., Pusa, P., Rasmussen, C. Ø, Robicheaux, F., Sarid, E., Silveira, D. M, So, C., Thompson, R. I, van der Werf, D. P, Wurtele, J. S, Zhmoginov, A. I, and Charman, A. E

Subjects
BRII recipient: Fajans
Abstract

Physicists have long wondered whether the gravitational interactions between matter and antimatter might be different from those between matter and itself. Although there are many indirect indications that no such differences exist and that the weak equivalence principle holds, there have been no direct, free-fall style, experimental tests of gravity on antimatter. Here we describe a novel direct test methodology; we search for a propensity for antihydrogen atoms to fall downward when released from the ALPHA antihydrogen trap. In the absence of systematic errors, we can reject ratios of the gravitational to inertial mass of antihydrogen >75 at a statistical significance level of 5%; worst-case systematic errors increase the minimum rejection ratio to 110. A similar search places somewhat tighter bounds on a negative gravitational mass, that is, on antigravity. This methodology, coupled with ongoing experimental improvements, should allow us to bound the ratio within the more interesting near equivalence regime.

Published
2013

19. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Fauset, Sophie, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Baker, Timothy R., Chao, Kuo-Jung, Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, Emanuel, Higuchi, Niro, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanne, Lloyd, Jon, Liu, Haiyan, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz, Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Poorter, Lourens, Silveira, Marcos, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Dávila, Esteban Alvarez, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Almeida, Everton, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Baisie, Michel, Baraloto, Christopher, Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barroso, Jorcely, Blanc, Lilian, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Boot, René, Brown, Foster, Burban, Benoit, Camargo, José Luís, Castro, Wendeson, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Chave, Jerome, Comiskey, James, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, da Costa, Antonio Lola, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Di Fiore, Anthony, Dourdain, Aurélie, Erwin, Terry, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Herrera, Rafael, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Killeen, Timothy, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Ladvocat, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovejoy, Thomas, Meir, Patrick, Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David, Nogueira Lima, Adriano José, Vargas, Percy Nuñez, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Pardo, Guido, Peacock, Julie, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Pickavance, Georgia, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Prieto, Adriana, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Quesada, Carlos, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, de Almeida Reis, Simone Matias, Rejou-Machain, Maxime, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, Rudas, Agustín, Salomão, Rafael, Serrano, Julio, Espejo, Javier Silva, Silva, Natalino, Singh, James, Stahl, Clement, Stropp, Juliana, Swamy, Varun, Talbot, Joey, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Raquel, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, van der Heijden, Geertje, van der Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Vos, Vincent, Zagt, Roderick, Zuidema, Pieter, and Galbraith, David

Published
2020
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20. Identification of recurrent FHL2-GLI2 oncogenic fusion in sclerosing stromal tumors of the ovary

Author

Kim, Sarah H., Da Cruz Paula, Arnaud, Basili, Thais, Dopeso, Higinio, Bi, Rui, Pareja, Fresia, da Silva, Edaise M., Gularte-Mérida, Rodrigo, Sun, Zhen, Fujisawa, Sho, Smith, Caitlin G., Ferrando, Lorenzo, Martins Sebastião, Ana Paula, Bykov, Yonina, Li, Anqi, Silveira, Catarina, Ashley, Charles W., Stylianou, Anthe, Selenica, Pier, Samore, Wesley R., Jungbluth, Achim A., Zamarin, Dmitriy, Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R., Helin, Kristian, Soslow, Robert A., Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Oliva, Esther, and Weigelt, Britta

Published
2020
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21. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A. C., Zimmermann, S., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Schütz, M., Frey, B., Firn, J. L., Fay, P. A., Hagedorn, F., Borer, E. T., Seabloom, E. W., Harpole, W. S., Knops, J. M. H., McCulley, R. L., Broadbent, A. A. D., Stevens, C. J., Silveira, M. L., Adler, P. B., Báez, S., Biederman, L. A., Blair, J. M., Brown, C. S., Caldeira, M. C., Collins, S. L., Daleo, P., di Virgilio, A., Ebeling, A., Eisenhauer, N., Esch, E., Eskelinen, A., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Kirkman, K. P., MacDougall, A. S., Moore, J. L., Power, S. A., Prober, S. M., Roscher, C., Sankaran, M., Siebert, J., Speziale, K. L., Tognetti, P. M., Virtanen, R., Yahdjian, L., and Moser, B.

Published
2019
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