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In some respects, our understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of early T-cell differentiation is lagging behind that of B cells. Papers describing gene-knockout and reporter-transgenic mice in which thymocyte development is affected are often difficult to interpret. Progress in this field will be hampered unless a more detailed phenotypic and molecular analysis of progenitor thymocytes at the single-cell level is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information from the original research papers on T cells and helper cell metamorphosis, "T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens," by A.G. Zaretsky et al. and "IL-4ߝproducing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells," by I.L. King and M. Mohrs that appeared in the April 20, 2009 issue of the "Journal of Experimental Medicine."

The article presents research highlights from the field of neuroimmunology based on the original research paper "C-C chemokine receptor 6-regulated entry of TH-17 cells into the CNS through the choroid plexus is required for the initiation of EAE," by A. Reboldi et al. that appeared in the March 22, 2009 issue of "Nature Immunology." Subjects discussed include chemokines, interleukins, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), and research about multiple sclerosis.

The article presents research highlights from the field of T cell differentiation based on the original research paper "T. Sequential polarization and imprinting of type 1 T helper lymphocytes by interferon-γ and interleukin-12," by E.G. Schulz, L. Mariani, A. Radbruch, and T. Höfer that appeared in the April 30, 2009 issue of "Immunity." Subjects discussed include cell phenotype stabilization, cell signalling, and gene expression.

The article presents research highlights from the field of T cell memory based on the original research paper "Professional memory CD4+ T lymphocytes preferentially reside and rest in the bone marrow," by K. Tokoyoda et al. that was published in the May 7, 2009 issue of "Immunity." Subjects discussed include antigen-specific memory T cells in mice, immune responses, and the role of interleukin-7 (IL-7) in expressing stromal cells.

The article discusses recent research in the field of antiviral immunity based on the original research paper "IL-21 is required to control chronic viral infection," by H. Elsaesser. K. Sauer, and D.G. Brooks that was published in the May 7, 2009 issue of "Science." The article mentions T cells, viral infections, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).

The article presents abstracts of papers on immunology including "HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin α4β7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells," by J. Arthos and colleagues, and "Macrophage and T cell dynamics during the development and disintegration of mycobacterial granulomas," by J.G. Egen.

The article presents abstracts of papers on immunology including "Ozone exposure in a mouse model induces airway hyperactivity that requires the presence of natural killer T cells and IL-17," by M. Pichavant and colleagues, and "Repression of the transcription factor Th-POX by Runx complexes in cytotoxic T cell development," by R. Setoguchi and colleagues.

The article highlights the recent study on tumor immunotherapy using a myeloablative regimen usage that requires hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation to rescue mice from fatality. The authors stress that the usage allows the HSCs to drive the expansion and function of transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and results in significantly increased antitumour responses. Significant information relative to these papers is presented.

The article focuses on research on immune responses, regulatory T cells and T-cell signaling. Papers discussed which were published in other periodicals include "Dendritic Cell Stimulation By Mycobacterial Hsp70 is Mediated Through CCR5," by R. A. Floto et al and "Alterations in CD46-Mediated Tr1 Regulatory T Cells in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis," by A. L. Astier et al.

Discusses research on the molecular basis for the ability of NKG2D, an activating receptor that is expressed by T cells, to transmit different signals in different cell types. Reference to papers published in the December 2002 issue of 'Nature Immunology' journal; Findings of immunoprecipitation studies; Function of NKG2D.

Presents an update on papers related to immunology as of January 2003. Role of a peptide in the activation of natural killer cells; Discovery of the non-T-cell activation linker; Adaptor involved in Toll-like receptor signaling.