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Migraine is a prevalent disorder, affecting 15.1% of the world's population. In most cases, the migraine attacks are sporadic; however, some individuals experience a gradual increase in attack frequency over time, and up to 2% of the general population develop chronic migraine. The mechanisms underlying this chronicity are unresolved but are hypothesized to involve a degree of inflammation. In this article, we review the relevant literature related to inflammation and migraine, from the initiation of attacks to chronification. We propose that the increase in migraine frequency leading to chronic migraine involves neurogenic neuroinflammation, possibly entailing increased expression of cytokines via activation of protein kinases in neurons and glial cells of the trigeminovascular system. We present evidence from preclinical research that supports this view and discuss the implications for migraine therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic migraine is a debilitating condition that arises from the worsening of episodic migraine. A large population-based questionnaire study showed that individuals with chronic migraine reported more sleep apnoea and worse sleep quality than individuals with episodic migraine. This finding provides important insights into the association between sleep disturbances and chronic migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the role of a non-image-forming retinal pathway and signals from the dura mater in the hypersensitivity to light or photophobia in migraine. It notes that photophobia is considered a vital component of the diagnostic criteria for migraine. Researchers state that migraine pain in patients who lacked light perception did not worsen during strong light exposure. Based on the findings of the study, photophobia is transmitted via non-image-formal retinal projections.

The article presents a study of migraine experience with transient focal neurological symptoms called as aura. The study links migraine with aura with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and even cardiovascular disease (CVD). Meta-analysis was used in sorting 25 studies which met the inclusion criteria and was analyzed based on sex, age, use of oral contraceptives and smoking. It was found out that the risk of ischemic stroke in people with migraine is high in young women. True risk of stroke in migraine could be higher than what was reported.

The article discusses research study on the association between TRESK potassium channel and familial migraine with aura. It references a study by Zameel Cader and colleagues, published in "Nature Medicine." Study authors analyzed 150 ion channel genes in 360 unrelated individuals, including 110 patients with migraine. They concluded that a mutation in TRESK potassium channel could be a cause of hereditary migraine with aura.