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Background and Aims Urinary microRNA (miRNA)-21 is reported to be a biomarker for detection of acute kidney injury (AKI). Analysis of urinary exsome may serve as a novel diagnostic approach in kidney disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of urinary exosomal miRNA-21 for AKI in patients with scrub typhus. Method In a cross-sectional study, we collected 138 urine samples at the time of admission from 145 patients with scrub typhus. For 25 patients with scrub typhus-associated AKI and 25 age, sex-matched scrub typhus patient without AKI, we measured miRNA-21 in urinary exosomal fraction and compared diagnostic value in predictiong AKI. Results Compared with patients in the non-AKI group, patients in the AKI group were more likely to have one or more comorbidity such as diabetes (50% vs. 5%, P Conclusion Urinary exosomal miRNA-21 could be a surrogate markers for the diagnosis of scrub typhus–associated AKI.

Background and Aims The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of hypoalbuminemia (HA) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with scrub typhus. Method From 2010 to 2017, 449 patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus. We divided the patients into two groups [normoalbuminemia (NA) vs. hypoalbuminemia (HA)] based on the serum albumin level of 3.5 g/dL, and compared the incidence, clinical characteristics, and severity of AKI based on RIFLE classification between two groups. Results Of the total 449 patients, 52 (11.6%) were categrized as HA group. Compared with patients in NA group, patients in HA group were older (74 ± 8 vs. 63 ± 13, P Conclusion Hypoabluminemia was closely associated with scrub typhus associated with AKI.