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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have become one of the most prominent next-generation computational models owing to their biological plausibility, low power consumption, and the potential for neuromorphic hardware implementation. Among the various methods for obtaining available SNNs, converting Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into SNNs is the most cost-effective approach. The early challenges in ANN-to-SNN conversion work revolved around the susceptibility of converted SNNs to conversion errors. Some recent endeavors have attempted to mitigate these conversion errors by altering the original ANNs. Despite their ability to enhance the accuracy of SNNs, these methods lack generality and cannot be directly applied to convert the majority of existing ANNs. In this paper, we present a framework named DNISNM for converting ANN to SNN, with the aim of addressing conversion errors arising from differences in the discreteness and asynchrony of network transmission between ANN and SNN. The DNISNM consists of two mechanisms, Data-based Neuronal Initialization (DNI) and Signed Neuron with Memory (SNM), designed to respectively address errors stemming from discreteness and asynchrony disparities. This framework requires no additional modifications to the original ANN and can result in SNNs with improved accuracy performance, simultaneously ensuring universality, high precision, and low inference latency. We verify it experimentally on challenging object recognition datasets, including CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet-1k. Experimental results show that the SNN converted by our framework has very high accuracy even at extremely low latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired models that utilize discrete and sparse spikes to transmit information, thus having the property of energy efficiency. Recent advances in learning algorithms have greatly improved SNN performance due to the automation of feature engineering. While the choice of neural architecture plays a significant role in deep learning, the current SNN architectures are mainly designed manually, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. In this paper, we propose a spiking neural architecture search (NAS) method that can automatically find efficient SNNs. To tackle the challenge of long search time faced by SNNs when utilizing NAS, the proposed NAS encodes candidate architectures in a branchless spiking supernet which significantly reduces the computation requirements in the search process. Considering that real-world tasks prefer efficient networks with optimal accuracy under a limited computational budget, we propose a Synaptic Operation (SynOps)-aware optimization to automatically find the computationally efficient subspace of the supernet. Experimental results show that, in less search time, our proposed NAS can find SNNs with higher accuracy and lower computational cost than state-of-the-art SNNs. We also conduct experiments to validate the search process and the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]