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This letter to the editor discusses the case of a 58-year-old man with Acute Wernicke Encephalopathy who underwent PET/CT imaging. The imaging revealed increased uptake in the midbrain, medial thalamus, and periaqueductal gray matter, which contrasts with previously reported decreased uptake associated with Wernicke encephalopathy. Treatment with vitamin B1 injection resulted in clinical improvement, and follow-up imaging showed decreased FDG uptake in the cerebral lesion areas. The study suggests that PET/CT can reflect glucose metabolism changes in vital organs affected by thiamine deficiency in Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy. [Extracted from the article]

This study was performed to understand whether P165 improves learning and memory by restoring insulin action using a diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model. A total of 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 8), DM group (n = 8), DM group treated with a low dose of P165 (n = 9), and DM group treated with a high dose of P165 (n = 9). After 8 weeks of treatment, the animals were killed and the expression of insulin signaling-related proteins was examined in the hippocampus by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Administration of P165 in diabetic rats did not induce a significant effect on the fasting blood glucose level. The expression of IR, IRS-1, AKT, p-CREB, and Bcl-2 proteins was significantly enhanced in the hippocampus in diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with P165 at both low and high doses significantly attenuated the expression levels of these proteins. Moreover, immunohistochemistry staining showed that IR, IRS-1, AKT, p-CREB, and Bcl-2 were abundantly expressed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The number of cells positively stained for the above proteins was significantly higher in diabetic tissues compared to control tissues, whereas P165 treatments induced a significant reduction in the expression of these proteins. The expression of IR, IRS-1, AKT, p-CREB, and Bcl-2 was enhanced in DM rats, and administration of P165 normalized the expression of these molecules, suggesting that P165 can improve impaired insulin signal transduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, approximately 21-25 nucleotides in length. Recently, some researchers have demonstrated that plasma miRNAs are sensitive and specific biomarkers of various cancers. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of miR-454-3p were compared between pre-operative plasmas from 70 glioma patients and 70 healthy controls, and between these pre-operative and post-operative plasmas. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the association of miR-454-3p with prognosis of glioma patients. The expression levels of miR-454-3p in plasma in glioma patients were significantly higher than that from healthy controls. The expression levels of miR-454-3p were higher in high grade gliomas than in low grade gliomas. The AUC of the expression of miR-454-3p in plasma for glioma diagnosis was 0.9063. The expression levels of miR-454-3p in the post-operative plasmas were significantly downregulated when compared to the pre-operative plasmas. Moreover, the prognosis of glioma with high miR-454-3p expression was significantly worse compared with that of glioma with low miR-454-3p expression. Our results suggested that plasma miR-454-3p could be a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]