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This document is a letter published in the journal Neurological Sciences. The authors conducted a study using Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of developing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). They used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on NMOSD and 25(OH)D levels to analyze the genetic variations and their effects on the disease. The results showed no strong evidence of a causal association between 25(OH)D levels and NMOSD risk in a population of European ancestry. However, a causal relationship was observed between genetically predicted 25(OH)D levels and AQP4-ab-positive NMOSD risk. The study suggests that low vitamin D levels may be a risk factor for AQP4-ab-positive NMOSD and highlights the importance of further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Enlarged perivascular spaces; Glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy; Magnetic resonance imaging EN Enlarged perivascular spaces Glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy Magnetic resonance imaging 3751 3754 4 09/13/23 20231001 NES 231001 Shugang Cao and Yunfei Zhu contributed equally to this work. 1K, L) were noted on brain MRI; spinal MRI showed a significant reduction in spinal cord lesions (Fig. Non-enhanced brain MRI in 2020 suggested marked progression of paraventricular lesions with EPVSs (E, F) and contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated linear perivascular radial gadolinium enhancement (G, H thick arrows). [Extracted from the article]