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From April 1, 2011, through September 30, 2011, Neurology ® received 2,167 new and 643 revised manuscripts. During this interval, 3,909 peer reviews were received (compared to 3,758 during the same period in 2010), with the average turnaround time after assignment being 8.5 days. Average time from submission to first decision for papers chosen for review remained at 33 days. Limitations in the number of pages we can publish allow us to accept only a minority of papers submitted. Your specific comments regarding the uniqueness of study populations, novel methods, studies that are especially educational, or new strategies for diagnosing and treating neurologic disease are appreciated; these comments help us immeasurably when we make final decisions regarding which articles we believe will most benefit our authors and readers, as well as improve patient care. Manuscripts for the Resident & Fellow Section of Neurology are often submitted by trainees who have less experience in preparing articles for publication, and it is the goal of the Section to help these junior authors improve their clinical and scientific writing abilities. We especially appreciate the constructive feedback provided by reviewers of these manuscripts. We recently posted an Information for Reviewers (IFR) link on www.neurology.org. Click on this link for information on expectations of reviewers regarding confidentiality, timeliness, and reviewer conflicts of interest. The IFR also provides instructions for formatting the comments to editors and authors in order to make communication with authors most effective. In appreciation of your dedication to Neurology , we offer an hour of CME credit, if requested, for each manuscript you review for the Journal (maximum of 15 credits per year as determined by ACCME). To receive credit, it should be evident that the reviewer has read and understood the content of the manuscript, accompanying figures and tables, supplementary …

Neurologic care in lower- and middle-income countries is an increasing focus for the field and training of its next generation. The International Issues article features a guide for trainees seeking information on predeparture, funding, and postdeparture advice for global health rotations. The Clinical Reasoning and Teaching Image articles review the workup and management of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, ataxia, and new-onset clonus in the setting of fever and confusion.

The Neurology ® Resident & Fellow page was launched in 2004 by Berch Griggs, then the Editor-in-Chief of Neurology , and Karen Johnston, Associate Editor. The Editors envisioned a forum for trainees and educators to publish articles on topics relevant to residency and fellowship. Articles in this experimental page included clinical reviews and education research projects, as well as commentaries on practice, ethics, teaching, history, and international training experiences. By 2015, under the guidance of Mitch Elkind, former Section Editor, the “Page” had become a “Section,” articles appeared weekly, projects like Podcasts and a Writing Award were introduced, and a growing team of trainee editorial team members were recruited. Now with over a decade of accomplishment, the Resident & Fellow Section (RFS) continues its growth, expansion, and vision for the future. John Millichap, a former editorial team member and the new RFS Associate Editor, assumed leadership of the section as of July 1, 2015. He is joined by Deputy Associate Editor Roy Strowd, another former editorial team member.

In “Smoking cessation and outcome after ischemic stroke or TIA,” authors Epstein et al. assessed whether smoking cessation after an ischemic stroke or TIA improves outcomes. Following a prospective observational cohort study of 3,876 nondiabetic men and women enrolled in the Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke trial, they found that cessation of cigarette smoking after an ischemic stroke or TIA was associated with significant health benefits over 4.8 years. Commenting on the study, Dr. Munakomi points out that the health hazards of passive smoking may have been neglected in the study. He explains that environmental tobacco smoke and secondhand smoking increase the risk of stroke and suggests implementing strict heath regulation acts to address this issue.

Dravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI), is an epileptic encephalopathy that presents with prolonged seizures in the first year of life. The seizures often occur with fever or illness, and are frequently initially categorized as febrile seizures. The correct diagnosis of DS and appropriate follow-up are typically delayed. The EEG is normal at onset, and neuroimaging reveals no structural lesion. Early development is normal, but signs of regression appear in the second year of life and are often accompanied by convulsive status epilepticus, alternating hemiconvulsions, and myoclonic seizures. Diagnosis can be confirmed by genetic testing that is now available, and shows mutations within the SCN1A gene. Early recognition and diagnosis of DS and management with appropriate anticonvulsants and treatment plan may reduce the seizure burden and improve long-term developmental outcome.

In 2004, Berch Griggs, then the Editor-in-Chief of Neurology ®, and Karen Johnston, Associate Editor, launched the Resident & Fellow Page as a forum for trainees and educators to publish articles on topics relevant to residency and fellowship.1 Articles in this experimental page included clinical reviews and education research projects, as well as commentaries on practice, ethics, teaching, history, and international training experiences. By 2014, 10 years later, the “Page” had become a solidified “Section” of the journal with articles appearing weekly and ongoing projects like Podcasts and the Writing Award supported by a diverse group of resident and fellow editorial team members. In this decade, Neurology also enhanced reader access by adding a mobile version and an iPad® app. In 2015, we begin our second decade of the Resident & Fellow section (RFS) with a number of new initiatives and projects already underway.

The term "journal club" traditionally refers to a gathering of physicians for the critical review of current medical literature and discussion regarding the clinical application of the results. Since the formation of the first documented journal club over 130 years ago, the organization and purpose of this academic tool has gone through many changes. Despite the advent of "virtual" online journal clubs, most academic departments still employ a physical meeting between trainees and the faculty. The Neurology® Journal Club is a new subsection of the Resident & Fellow Section with the goal of enhancing the traditional journal club experience by publishing examples of structured critical appraisals of medical literature. The Journal Club critiques, written by neurology residents and fellows with faculty supervision, will examine each article for key features of hypothesis and design, methods, results, and interpretation.

Over the past 10 years, the Neurology ® Resident & Fellow Section (RFS) has served as an outlet for articles and other journal-related activities relevant to trainees. The RFS was founded in 2004 by Drs. Karen Johnston and Robert Griggs with a focus on academic topics such as training, practice, ethics, teaching, and international training experiences.1 The initial goals were met and superseded as subsections have gradually evolved to cover current areas, including Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology, Clinical Reasoning, Right Brain, Child Neurology, Pearls & Oy-sters, International Issues, Education Research and Initiatives, Teaching Neuro Images (including both static images and videos), and Media and Book Reviews. In addition, submissions have grown in number and quality from 12 in 2004 to 481 in 2013, with a current acceptance rate at approximately 30% (figure). A full listing of the different subsections and other activities of the RFS can be found at . Two excellent examples of articles from the RFS can be found in this issue of Neurology .

The founding period of child neurology occurred in 3 phases: 1) early individual contributory phase, 2) organized training phase, and 3) expansion phase. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, individuals in pediatrics, neurology, and psychiatry established clinics and made important contributions to the literature on childhood epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and pediatric neurology. The latter half of the 20th century saw the organization of training programs in pediatric neurology, with fellowships supported by the NIH. This development was followed by a rapid expansion in the number of trainees certified in child neurology and their appointment to divisions of neurology in children's hospitals. In recent years, referrals of children with neurologic disorders have increased, and disorders previously managed by pediatricians are often seen in neurology clinics. The era of subspecialization is embraced by the practicing physician. The present day status of pediatric neurology and suggestions for the future development of the specialty are subjects for further discussion.

The Neurology ® Resident & Fellow Page launched in January 2004 with the intention of providing a forum for articles, written by trainees and others with a stake in neurology education, on topics relevant to residency and fellowship, including academic research projects, practice, ethics, teaching

Focus on sleep medicine: A self-assessment Teofilo Lee-Chiong, 192 pp., 28 ill., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, $84.95. A new Sleep Medicine certification was recently developed by the 5 member boards of the American Board of Medical Subspecialties, including the American boards of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Neurology, and Otolaryngology. This is separate from the certification by the American Board of Sleep Medicine. The question-and-answer book, Focus on Sleep Medicine: A Self-Assessment , is based specifically on the content and format …

A 13-year-old boy diagnosed with Rasmussen syndrome as a toddler presented with worsening seizures. History revealed onset of left-sided focal seizures in a healthy 18-month-old child. Epilepsia partialis continua was refractory to anticonvulsants and immunotherapy. MRI showed …

A 29-week fetus was noted to have dilation of the entire ventricular system on prenatal ultrasound. Fetal MRI at 33 weeks revealed brain malformations suggestive of congenital muscular dystrophy (figure, A and B).1,2 Following normal delivery at …

edited by L.L. Barton and N.R. Friedman , 421 pp., Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2008, $139 Pediatric neuroinfectious diseases is an evolving and important neurologic subspecialty. The Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Syndromes is the only available text focused primarily on this subject. Doctors Leslie L. Barton, a pediatric infectious diseases specialist, and Neil R. Friedman, a pediatric neurologist, …