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The authors report a case of successful management of right side hemidystonia with gamma knife radiosurgery. A 24-year-old male with a history of birth asphyxia subsequently developed worsening right-sided torsional hemidystonia which failed to respond to the medical management. MRI of the brain was unremarkable. Stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) was performed to create a lesion in the left posteroventral globus pallidum. The patient gradually improved over a course of 18 months without any complication. He obtained 61% improvement in dystonia rating scale. Radiosurgical pallidotomy is often viewed with suspicion and functional neurosurgeons show reluctance in preferring it to stereotactic radio frequency lesioning or stimulation surgery. The authors would like to highlight the chances of not only control, but also cure of the disease with this cost-effective treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumefactive demyelinating (TD) lesions are extremely challenging lesions to diagnose during their histopathological examination and are often misdiagnosed as tumors. On the contrary, a glioblastoma multiforme is rarely misdiagnosed as a TD unless the two coexist. We present a case of a 60-year old man who was diagnosed as having tumefactive demyelination on a stereotactic biopsy. At autopsy, however, the lesion revealed a grade IV glioblastoma. The myelin loss along the periphery of the lesion was erroneously interpreted as TD during the histopathological examination. We have described the imaging, the biopsy, and the autopsy findings of this instructive case. It is pertinent to recognize its histology to prevent a misdiagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]