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Introduction: Recent advances in the molecular biology of adult diffuse gliomas have brought about a paradigm shift in their diagnostic criteria, as witnessed in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 guidelines for central nervous system tumors. It is now mandatory to perform several molecular tests to reach a definitive integrated diagnosis in most of the cases. This comes with additional cost and higher turnaround time, which is not always affordable in developing countries like India. In addition, the non-uniform distribution of advanced research and diagnostic testing centers adds to the difficulty., Methods: The Indian Society of Neuro-oncology (ISNO) multidisciplinary expert panel consisting of neuropathologists, neurosurgeons, and radiation/medical oncologists convened to prepare the national consensus guidelines for approach to diagnosis of adult diffuse gliomas., Results: Algorithms for arriving at an integrated diagnosis of adult diffuse gliomas predominantly using immunohistochemistry and with minimum possible additional molecular testing were agreed upon, thus addressing the problems of cost, accessibility, and turnaround time. Mandatory and optional tests were proposed for each case scenario., Conclusion: This document represents the consensus of the various neuro-oncology disciplines involved in diagnosis and management of patients with adult diffuse gliomas. The article reflects a practical adaptation of the WHO recommendations to suit a resource constrained setup., Competing Interests: None

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest

Introduction: The high success rate in the management medulloblastoma achieved in the western world is not exactly mirrored in developing countries including India. Socio-demographic differences, health-care disparity, and lack in uniformity of care with resultant widespread variations in the clinical practice are some of the reasons that may partly explain this difference in outcomes. Patients with medulloblastoma require a multi-disciplinary team approach involving but not limited to neuro-radiology, neurosurgery; neuropathology, molecular biology, radiation oncology, pediatric medical oncology and rehabilitative services for optimizing outcomes., Methods: The Indian Society of Neuro-Oncology (ISNO) constituted an expert multi-disciplinary panel with adequate representation from all stakeholders to prepare national consensus guidelines for the contemporary management of medulloblastoma., Results: Minimum desirable, as well as preferable though optional recommendations (as appropriate), were developed and adopted for the pre-surgical work-up including neuroimaging; neurosurgical management including surgical principles, techniques, and complications; neuropathology reporting and molecular testing; contemporary risk-stratification in the molecular era; appropriate adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy and chemotherapy); and follow-up schedule in medulloblastoma., Conclusions: The current document represents a broad consensus reached amongst various stakeholders within the neuro-oncology community involved in the contemporary curative-intent management of children with medulloblastoma. It provides both general as well as specific guidelines and recommendations to be adopted by physicians and health care providers across India to achieve uniformity of care, improve disease-related outcomes, and compare results between institutions within the country.

Brain abscess is an uncommon but a compelling reality in neurosurgical practice. Its focal, local, and systemic manifestations conceal its infective and obsessive nature. There are many a lesson that a brain abscess, as a bio-phenomenon, offers to the medical fraternity in general and the neurosurgeons, in particular. From Skt. puyati = to stink, comes the word "pus," meaning something foul, putrid, or rotten. From ab = away, and cedre = to go, comes the term "abscess" which is but nature's ingenious way of creating a fluid-filled cavity that will eventually rupture to an exterior to get rid of the non-self contents and proceed to healing. A brain abscess is special in the sense that it is, in general, more solid than fluid for reasons the human body and brain know best.

A rare case of cavernoma in the region of the septum pellucidum is reported. A 35-year-old female patient presented with chronic headaches. Her neurological exam was normal. Her magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a lesion within the inferior aspect of the septum pellucidum extending into the anterior third ventricular region, blocking the foramen of Monro, resulting in moderate supratentorial asymmetrical hydrocephalus. A central neurocytoma or subependymoma was suspected on imaging. Complete excision of the septum pellucidum cavernoma was performed using microneurosurgical techniques through an interhemispheric transcallosal route. The patient had an excellent outcome and is cured. Although rare, septum pellucidum cavernomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior third ventricular lesions in the region of foramen of Monro. The unusual location, atypical radiological features, differential diagnosis as well as surgical nuances in the management of a cavernoma in the septum pellucidum and anterior third ventricular region are discussed in the light of current literature.

Background: Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve (LCFN) injury or Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) results in restriction of activity. Compression of the nerve by disc hernia, retroperitoneal tumors, and external pressure around the anterior superior iliac spine is common. However, it is not commonly observed after lumbar spinal surgery in prone position., Study Design: In this prospective study of 110 patients who underwent elective lumbar spinal surgery, managed from January 2002 to June 2002, the incidence, possible risk factors, etiopathogenesis and management of MP were analyzed., Results: There were 66 males and 44 females. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 81 years (mean 46.9 yrs.). Thirteen patients (12%) suffered from MP. It is more common in thinner individuals due to pressure injury to the nerve at its exit point. Ninety-two per cent of the patients were asymptomatic at follow-up after 6 months. In 7 out of 13 patients, patchy sensory loss on clinical examination was seen at 6 months., Conclusion: MP after posterior lumbar spinal surgery is uncommon. Smaller bolsters may avoid some of the vulnerable pressure points, as the surface area available is relatively smaller. The posts of the Hall-Relton frame over the anterior superior iliac crest should be adequately padded. The condition is usually self-limiting. Surgical division or decompression of the LCFN is reserved for persistent or severe MP.

We report a series of three patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts who presented with a rare 'bobble-head doll' syndrome. The abnormal head movements improved after surgical evacuation of the cysts in all the three cases. Various pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the bobble-head doll syndrome are discussed. The literature on suprasellar arachnoid cysts is briefly reviewed.

Sinus pericranii is a rare vascular anomaly. A case of sinus pericranii at the nasion with an orbital extension is presented. The drainage was into the superior sagittal sinus. The pathogenesis is discussed and the literature is reviewed.

This is a case of Aspergillus infection in a twenty year old male presenting as an insidiously growing intradural spinal cord tumour with signs of cord compression. There was no definite portal of entry and the patient had no signs of immunsuppression. It is believed that such a case has not been previously reported. The lesion resembled a benign tumour on preoperative imaging and intraoperative consistency and vascularity. The lesion was successfully and completely resected. MR images of this unusual lesion are presented.