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Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder with significant morbidity and disability. There is growing evidence that migraine is associated with cardiovascular diseases and stroke.Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an update on the association of migraine with some common vascular diseases in persons suffering from the disease and discuss the clinical implications.Methods and Materials: We searched PUBMED database using the MeSH terms "Stroke", "Coronary Artery Disease", "Myocardial Ischemia", "Atrial Fibrillation", "White Matter" and "Dementia, Vascular", in combination with "Migraine Disorders", "Migraine with Aura" and "Migraine without Aura" and reviewed the relevant studies. We studied articles mostly in English for the past 10 years, without excluding older articles that were relevant to this review. We also searched the reference lists of articles obtained and included some insightful reviews on 'Migraine and Vascular Risk'.Results: The association between migraine and vascular diseases is strong and consistent for ischemic stroke and migraine with aura especially in young women, with oral contraceptive use and smoking. Although literature reports a higher prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, and family history of cardiovascular diseases in migraineurs, the 'migraine-vascular' connection persists in models where the traditional vascular risk factors are adjusted, implicating a migraine-specific pathophysiology at work. There is some evidence linking an adverse vascular risk factor profile to incident myocardial infarction in people with migraine. The association with hemorrhagic stroke is more variable.Conclusion: Although the absolute effect of migraine on 'vascular risks' is small, good practice parameters dwell on treating and reducing existing cardiovascular risk factors through lifestyle modification, encouraging smoking cessation, and advocating the wise use of agents like ergot alkaloids and oral contraceptives, after a risk-benefit analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The complex relationship between migraine and epilepsy has frequently been described to represent a clinical and electrographic "borderland." These two conditions share clinical expressions such as paroxysmal and chronic nature, as well as semiology, particularly visual phenomenon.Objective: We aimed to review the current literature on the overlapping phenomena of migraine and epilepsy.Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed for relevant literature and conducted a narrative review on migraine and epilepsy.Results: Migraine and epilepsy share a complex and pathophysiologically intriguing relationship. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) makes diagnostic provisions for migraine aura-triggered seizures (Subchapter 1.4.4) and headache attributed to epileptic seizure (Subchapter 7.6), the latter being further categorized as 7.6.1 Ictal epileptic headache, and 7.6.2  post-ictal headache. Neurological conditions such as certain channelopathies and epilepsy syndromes exhibit both conditions within their phenotypic spectrum, suggesting shared genetic and molecular underpinnings. Diagnostic confusion may arise, particularly between occipital epilepsy and the visual aura of migraine. Antiseizure medications may be effective for the treatment of migraines that occur in concert with epilepsy.Conclusions: Migraine and epilepsy share several clinical features and have intertwined genetic and molecular underpinnings, which may contribute to common pathogenesis. Electroencephalography may be useful as a diagnostic tool in selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) also called recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON) is not a so common disorder. It is characterized by childhood onset, ophthalmoplegia and migraine type of headache. The most common involved nerve is third cranial nerve. Involvement of fourth and sixth cranial nerve is unlikely. Adult cases are not so common. This is a case report of a man who presented with left-sided severe headache and diplopia of left eye. He had left oculomotor nerve palsy. The patient responded to treatment and recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides, we found her mini-mental state examination score was 18/30 (the patient was illiterate), and Montreal cognitive assessment score was 19/30. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed enlarged right hemisphere with smooth thickened cortex and pachygyria, indistinct gray/white differentiation. Discussion In this case, the patient presented with a contralateral headache rather than an ipsilateral headache. [Extracted from the article]

A 35-year-old female with migraine without aura, presented with sudden onset of visual aura along with loss of vision on the left side. Following this she had nausea, vomiting and headache. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) performed at this stage revealed ill-defined lesions hyperintense on Flair images, located in the right temporal and right occipital region. Diffusion weighted images, MR angiogram, T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were normal. She got relief with symptomatic treatment. Twenty days after this attack of migrainous aura she had a similar episode. An MRI scan was performed again. It revealed similar lesions only in the right occipital lobe. Follow-up MRI performed seven weeks later was normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the incidence of epileptic seizures in 1000 patients (200 children and 800 adults) with migraine. Very few patients with migraine had history of epileptic seizures. No patient had migraine-induced seizures and none had seizureinduced migraine like headaches. Occurrence of psychogenic non-epileptic attacks during migraine headaches had not been highlighted in the past. In the present study, about a quarter of patients with migraine, especially adolescent and adult females, had history of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures during attacks of acute migraine. This appears to be the first report on these features in Indian subjects with migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]