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Our study was intended to demonstrate the different signal intensity (SI) pattern of the putamen seen on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) between that of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinsonism-predominant multiple system atrophy (MSA-P), and to correlate it with 18 F-flurodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET). Thirty patients with PD and 17 with MSA-P underwent SWI, and 18 F-FDG PET were included. The SI was measured on SWI in the anterior and posterior halves of the putamen using a region-of-interest (ROI) on both sides. The normalized regional glucose metabolism (standardized uptake value ratio, SUVR) was measured on co-registered 18 F-FDG PET images using the ROI obtained with SWI. Analysis included a group-level comparison of the SI values obtained on SWI, and these results were correlated with the SUVR on 18 F-FDG PET. The SIs of the bilateral posterior, dominant-side of the posterior, mean values of the bilateral anterior and posterior halves of the putamen on SWI, differed significantly between the two groups ( P < 0.001, respectively). The SUVR of the all locations also differed significantly between PD and MSA-P ( P < 0.001, respectively). There was a moderate degree of positive correlation between the SI and the SUVR of the left posterior half, and mean value of the bilateral posterior putamen in MSA-P ( r = 0.634, P = 0.006, r = 0.492, P = 0.045). In conclusion, the low SI seen on the posterior putamen may differentiate MSA-P from PD. Furthermore, low SI in the putamen correlated with hypometabolism on 18 F-FDG PET. Therefore, SWI could be a potential complementary diagnostic tool to 18 F-FDG PET for differentiating these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]