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Background: Fecal incontinence, constipation, and pelvic pain are common pelvic floor symptoms (PFS), and frequently coexist with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, their association with the longitudinal trajectory of LUTS have not been well described. Our objective was to investigate the association between PFS and the course of LUTS in community‐dwelling men and women. Methods: Men and women aged ≥16 years were invited to participate in a prospective observational cohort study. At baseline, and after 12 and 24 months, participants filled in the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ‐MLUTS and ICIQ‐FLUTS) for men and women respectively, the Wexner incontinence and constipation scale, and a questionnaire on pelvic pain. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between change scores in defecation problems and pelvic pain, and LUTS change scores. Results: A total of 694 men and 997 women gave informed consent, with 417 men and 566 women included in the analysis. The mean age was 63.2 ± 12.7 years for men and 58.6 ± 14.8 years for women. The study showed minor changes in LUTS scores over the 0–12 and 12–24‐month periods. Generalized estimating equations revealed positive associations between changes in constipation and fecal incontinence and LUTS changes in both sexes. For instance, a one‐point increase in Wexner constipation score was associated with 0.376 (0.165, 0.587) points higher LUTS change in men and 0.223 (0.109, 0.336) points in women during the 0–12‐month follow‐up. However, associations between changes in pain and LUTS scores varied across sexes and time periods. Conclusions: We observed minor changes in LUTS over time and weak associations between PFS and LUTS that sometimes differed between males and females, emphasizing the need for sex‐specific considerations. These insights can provide valuable guidance for the development of targeted prevention trials, ultimately aiming to enhance overall pelvic health and patient well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the possible association between (sexual) abuse and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women. To study the differences in this association between men and women, and between the timing of the abuse. Subjects and Methods: A Dutch observational population‐based cross‐sectional study was used, based on self‐administered questionnaires. Respondents were included if they had answered all questions about abuse and LUTS. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results: Included were 558 men and 790 women, of whom 29% and 37%, respectively, reported a history of one of more types of abuse. Abuse was significantly associated with LUTS in both men (odds ratio [OR] 1.7; 1.2–2.5) and women (OR 1.4; 1.1–2.1). This association, testing by two‐way interaction, was significantly stronger in men. No association was found between childhood abuse or adulthood abuse and LUTS, in men or women. The association of sexual abuse with LUTS was significant in both men (2.7; 1.4–5.2) and in women (1.5; 1.1–2.2), and this association (testing by two‐way interaction) was significantly much stronger in men. Conclusion: In men more than in women, a history of any type of abuse is associated with LUTS, regardless of whether the abuse occurred during childhood or adulthood. In both sexes, a history of sexual abuse is also associated with experiencing LUTS, with a much stronger association in men than in women. Patients, in particular male patients, presenting with LUTS should therefore be asked about sexual abuse in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse childhood events (ACEs) are prevalent and lead to well‐established adverse health sequelae in adulthood. Recent literature has claimed that exposure to trauma in early life may worsen lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) because emotion can alter the perception of bodily distress in the brain. Specifically, depressive symptoms might influence the association between ACEs and LUTS. We aimed to describe the associations between ACEs and LUTS among males and females and to determine whether depressive symptoms mediated these associations. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the Coevorden observational cohort study (n = 1691, age ≥16 years). For this observational study participants filled in the male or female modules of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for LUTS (ICIQ‐MLUTS and ICIQ‐FLUTS, respectively), the NEMESIS Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (emotional neglect, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse within the family), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) for depression. Results: Overall, 564 males and 811 females answered all required items related to LUTS and ACEs. A series of regression models were then estimated to test for mediation: LUTS on ACEs, depression on ACEs, and LUTS on both ACEs and depression. The models were also adjusted for the following covariates: age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, current smokers, educational level, and vaginal delivery (if female). Depressive symptoms were shown to mediate the association between ACEs and LUTS in both males and females. Conclusion: Childhood adversity and depression are areas of interest during the clinical assessment of patients with LUTS. Early detection of these conditions might help to manage risk, aid in the prevention of LUTS, and facilitate trauma‐informed care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rates of seeking consultation for urinary incontinence (UI) and the barriers against consultations vary among countries and study populations and are influenced by various factors such as embarrassment, perception of illness, resources and culture. Objectives: To study healthcare‐seeking behaviours and barriers among Jordanian women. Methods: Between 1 March 2020 and 15 April 2020, we conducted a cross‐sectional online survey among women 18 years of age or more who have UI and have access to the internet. We collected women's characteristics, UI types, severity, bother, seeking consultation behaviours and barriers. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the variables associated with seeking consultation. Results: The data of 1454 women with a mean age (SD) of 41.5 (11.5) years were analysed. Mixed UI was the most common type (56.3%), while 43.8% of the participants sought consultation, and 33.8% waited 1 year before seeking consultation. The most common barriers were embarrassment (52.2%), considering UI as a normal occurrence with ageing (41.5%), and limited expectations of improvement from treatment (42.0%). The most common barriers vary according to UI type. Embarrassment was the most commonly reported barrier by women with mixed UI (29.4%), UI as normal with ageing was mostly considered by women with stress UI (11.5%) and treatment for UI is going to be expensive was expressed by women with mixed UI (19.4%). Seeking consultation decreased among women with more educational achievement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.87) with university graduates doing so less than women with high school or less educational achievement. Additionally, seeking consultation was more among women who were aware of a family member with UI (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03–2.01) compared to women who were not. Also, multiparous women (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.19–2.77) sought consultation more than nulliparous women. Seeking a consultation was more among women who were bothered by the impact of UI on various daily activities, namely, household activities (aOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.85–2.37), prayers (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.07–2.71) and sex life (aOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.45–4.21) compared to women who were not bothered. Seeking a consultation was less among women who reported embarrassment as a barrier (aOR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.34–0.84) compared to women who were not embarrassed. Conclusion: Four in 10 women with UI sought care, but with a considerable delay between the onset of symptoms and actual care seeking. These outcomes could be explained by the impact of various barriers. Additionally, barriers might vary in different cultures and countries, so culture‐sensitive questionnaires should be considered when healthcare‐seeking consultations and barriers are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Pelvic floor symptoms (PFS), including lower urinary tract symptoms, defecation problems, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain, are common in males and females. Comparing pelvic floor musculature (PFM) function between sexes may reveal important differences relevant to clinical care. This study aimed to compare male and female PFM function and to assess the function of both sexes with the number and type of PFS. Methods: We purposively enrolled males and females aged ≥ 21 years with 0–4 PFS based on questionnaire responses in an observational cohort study. Participants then underwent PFM assessment, and muscle function in the external anal sphincter (EAS) and puborectal muscle (PRM) were compared between sexes. The relationships between muscle function and the number and type of PFS were explored. Results: Of the invited 400 males and 608 females, 199 and 187 underwent PFM assessment, respectively. Compared with females, males more often showed increased EAS and PRM tone during assessments. Compared with males, females more often showed weaker maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the EAS and dysfunctional endurance of both muscles; additionally, those with zero or one PFS, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain more often showed a weak MVC of the PRM. Conclusions: Despite a few similarities between males and, females we found differences in muscle tone, MVC, and endurance between male and female PFM function. These findings provide useful insights into the differences in PFM function between males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to study the test–retest reliability of the Multiple Array Probe Leiden (MAPLe), a multiple electrode probe designed to acquire and discriminate electromyography signals in the pelvic floor muscles, in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: Adult male patients with LUTS with sufficient knowledge of Dutch language, but without complications (e.g., urinary tract infection), or previous urologic cancer and/or urologic surgery were enrolled. In the initial study, next to physical examination and uroflowmetry, all men underwent MAPLe assessment at baseline and after 6 weeks. Second, participants were reinvited for a new assessment using a stricter protocol. A time interval of 2 h (M2) and 1 week (M3) after baseline (M1) allowed the calculation of the intraday agreement (M1 vs. M2), and the interday agreement (M1 vs. M3) for all 13 MAPLe variables. Results: The outcomes of the initial study in 21 men suggested a poor test−retest reliability. The second study in 23 men showed a good test−retest reliability with intraclass correlations ranging from 0.61 (0.12−0.86) to 0.91 (0.81−0.96). The agreement was generally higher for the intraday determinations than for the interday determinations. Conclusions: This study revealed a good test−retest reliability of the MAPLe device in men with LUTS, when using a strict protocol. With a less strict protocol, the test−retest reliability of MAPLe was poor in this sample. To make valid interpretations of this device in a clinical or research setting, a strict protocol is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Researchers and clinicians tend to focus on one pelvic floor symptom (PFS) at the time. However, the pelvic floor acts as one functional unit, increasing the likelihood of concurrent PFS in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. There is also a paucity of literature on the prevalence of concomitant PFS, especially in males. Therefore, we explored the occurrence of concomitant PFS in community‐dwelling males and females. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational population‐based cohort study included males and females aged ≥16 years from a single Dutch municipality. Participants completed validated questionnaires on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), defecation problems, sexual dysfunction, pelvic pain, and pelvic organ prolapse. Medical general practitioner records were examined. Furthermore, a randomly selected group of non‐responders aged <80 years received a short questionnaire, to study response bias. Results: We invited 11 724 people, among which 839 females and 566 males completed the questionnaires. Of the female participants, 286 (34.1%) reported no PFS, and 251 (29.9%) reported two or more PFS. The most prevalent PFS clusters in females were sexual dysfunction and pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction and defecation problems, LUTS and defecation problems, and LUTS, defecation problems, and pelvic pain. Of the male participants, 212 (37.5%) reported no PFS, and 191 (33.7%) reported two or more PFS. The most prevalent clusters in males were sexual dysfunction and LUTS, defecation problems and LUTS, and sexual dysfunction, LUTS, and defecation problems. Conclusion: A considerable overlap existed between PFS, with differences in PFS clusters between females and males. Of note, females reported pelvic pain more than males. We conclude that healthcare providers should address all PFS in males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pelvic floor symptoms (PFS), such as lower urinary tract symptoms, defecation disorders, sexual problems, and genital‐pelvic pain, are prevalent in men. Thorough physical assessments of the external anal sphincter (EAS) and the puborectal muscle (PRM) are the keys to unraveling the role of muscle dysfunction. Objectives: To explore associations within and between the EAS and PRM and between muscle (dys‐) function and the number of male PFS. Methods: This cross‐sectional study purposively enrolled men aged ≥21 years with 0–4 symptoms from a larger study. After extensive external and internal digital pelvic floor assessment, we explored (1) agreement between muscle function of the EAS versus PRM (using cross tabulation), (2) associations within and between the EAS and PRM (using heatmaps), and (3) associations between muscle function and number of PFS (using a visual presentation [heatmaps] and χ2 tests). Results: Overall, 42 out of 199 men (21%) had completely normal muscle function. Sixty‐six (33.2%) had no symptoms, of which 53 (80%) had some degree of muscle dysfunction. No clear dose–response relationship existed between muscle (dys‐) function and the number of symptoms. The PRM showed both more dysfunction and severer dysfunction than the EAS. Conclusions: No clear association exists between muscle dysfunction and the number of symptoms, and the absence of PFS does not indicate normal muscle function for all men. Dysfunction levels are highest for the PRM. Further pelvic floor muscle research is warranted in men with PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to explore the pathways followed by patients with overactive bladder (OAB) from referral to the urologist to final treatment. Methods: This was a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of female patients diagnosed with OAB in a large Dutch nonacademic teaching hospital. The number, sequence, and duration of treatment steps offered were analyzed, and the effectiveness, reasons for discontinuation, and possible case‐mix variables influencing OAB treatment were studied. Results: In total, 120 patients were enrolled and required a median of 2 steps (range, 1–6) of treatment over a median total duration of 28 weeks (range, 5–256). Treatment typically started with drug therapy, including antimuscarinics (38%; 95% CI, 30%–47%), antimuscarinics plus pelvic floor muscle therapy (21%; 95% CI, 15%–29%), or mirabegron (11%; 95% CI, 6%–18%). However, 52% of patients required further treatment, with botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) injections being most effective (67%; 95% CI, 42%–85%), followed by antimuscarinics plus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (50%; 95% CI, 25%–75%), and antimuscarinics plus pelvic floor muscle therapy (36%; 95% CI, 21%–54%). Other therapies showed lower effectiveness. Common reasons for discontinuation were insufficient response and side effects. Overall, 22 patients were lost to follow‐up. Conclusion: Most patients try at least two treatments before they experience satisfactory symptom relief, with treatment evaluations requiring time because therapeutic onsets differ by patient and treatment. Our data can help to manage expectations among urologists and patients when seeking treatment for OAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to explore the utility of the Multiple Array Probe Leiden (MAPLe) device to assess pelvic floor muscle activity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: This was an observational cohort study performed at the urology outpatient department of a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands between April and October 2018. We recruited male patients referred for the assessment of LUTS, without a history of prostate surgery, if they had an International Prostate Symptom Score greater than or equal to 8. The MAPLe device was then used to assess the puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, urogenital diaphragm, and the internal and external anal sphincters during three tasks: a rest period (1 minute), five maximum voluntary contractions (held for 3 seconds each), and three maximal endurance contractions (held for 15 seconds each). Results: In total, 57 patients were included, 5 of which had diabetes mellitus. Muscle activity at rest was significantly lower than during either contraction task and did not differ between the muscle groups. By contrast, the external anal sphincter had significantly less activity than any other muscle group during the endurance task, and the internal anal sphincter and puborectalis had significantly less activity during the maximum voluntary contraction task. No association was found between pelvic floor muscle activity and LUTS severity during any task. Conclusion: Pelvic floor muscle activity and LUTS severity appear to be unrelated, but this does not completely exclude the possibility of muscle involvement in the development or experience of symptoms. Further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the effect of an online self‐management program in secondary care for men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: We performed a prospective nonrandomized double‐cohort pilot study of consecutive adult men referred with uncomplicated LUTS to three urology outpatient departments. Men in both cohorts received care as usual from a urologist, but men in the intervention cohort also had access to an online self‐management program. Outcomes were assessed after 6 and 12 weeks: LUTS severity was assessed with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OABq), and the Perceived Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I). The main outcome of interest was a clear improvement in the PGI‐I scores ("much better" or "very much better"). Results: Age, symptom severity, and quality of life scores were comparable between the intervention (n = 113) and standard care (n = 54) cohorts. Clear improvement in the PGI‐I scores was reported after 12 weeks in 19.4% and 26.1% of men in the intervention and standard care cohorts, respectively. However, logistic regression analysis indicated that the difference between cohorts was not significant. Multivariable linear regression analysis also indicated no significant differences between cohorts for the IPSS or the OABq score at either assessment point. Notably, the uptake of the intervention was low (53%). Conclusions: We found no significant benefit from adding an online self‐management program to standard care for men with LUTS, probably due to the low uptake of the intervention that may have resulted from the timing in the care pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: An increasing number of diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices are available to help patients and physicians manage pelvic floor symptoms in women. Many of these are presented at scientific conferences, and in the absence of a gold standard for evaluation, marketing has become more prominent than scientific evaluation. The goal of this study was to (a) provide an overview of pelvic floor devices for women that have been presented at recent annual meetings of leading scientific societies and (b) to summarize and review the scientific evidence underpinning these devices. Methods: Manual searches were performed of all abstracts presented in 2016 and 2017 at annual meetings of the International Continence Society, the International Urogynecological Association, the European Association of Urology, and the American Urological Association. The exhibition floor of the 2017 International Continence Society was also searched. Subsequently, literature searches of both the MEDLINE and Embase databases were performed in November 2018 to identify original full‐text publications related to the identified devices. Results: We identified 11 devices from these sources, which were mainly used for the control of urinary incontinence. Only seven of these pelvic floor devices were covered by publications, with no full‐text records identified for the remaining four devices. Conclusions: Sample sizes were small and there was a lack of convincing evidence for most devices. Despite this, many devices were available in the market. Our findings indicate that the process for introducing these new devices is in stark contrast with the strict requirements for introducing new drug classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To develop an online platform to facilitate evidence‐based self‐management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. Methods: Using the PubMed database (search until January 2017) and relevant guidelines, we reviewed evidence for the self‐management of LUTS and identified suitable components for the intervention. Next, we built an algorithm that provided individualized advice based on patient characteristics and symptoms for use on an online platform. Men with LUTS tested the usability of the intervention and provided feedback. Finally, we surveyed urologists and general practitioners to identify potential areas for improvement of the intervention. Results: We identified nine self‐help interventions from 48 eligible publications. These were as follows: information and education about LUTS, pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, urethral milking, double voiding, caffeine management, alcohol management, fluid management, and exercise advice. The level of evidence for each item was low due to the paucity of research available. Six men with LUTS reported difficulties understanding and completing the frequency‐volume chart online. The 158 surveyed physicians agreed (≥50% positive ratings) on the inclusion of seven advice items, but not for double voiding and fluid management. Respondents noted that some advice should be provided to all men with LUTS, while other advice should only be presented to certain groups. Some recommendations for additions were offered. Conclusions: Despite a lack of evidence for the self‐management advice, physicians agreed with most of the included advice. The online platform needs further development. Therefore, adjustments will be made and we will assess its impact in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function is reviewed and updated in a clinically and practically‐based consensus report. Methods: This report has been created by a Working Group under the auspices and guidelines of the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardisation Steering Committee (SSC). All relevant definitions were updated on the basis of research over the last 16 years since the publication of the first nocturia standardization document in 2002. An extensive process of 16 rounds of internal and external reviews was involved to examine each definition exhaustively, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus). Results: A clinically‐based terminology report for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function, encompassing five key definitions divided into signs and symptoms has been developed. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by healthcare professionals and allied healthcare practitioners involved in the care of individuals with nocturnal lower urinary tract function. Conclusion: A consensus‐based terminology report for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function has been produced to aid clinical practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to assess whether a purpose‐developed mobile application (app) is non‐inferior regarding effectiveness and cost‐effective when used to treat women with urinary incontinence (UI), as compared to care as usual in Dutch primary care. Additionally, we will explore the expectations and experiences of patients and care providers regarding app usage. Methods: A mixed‐methods study will be performed, combining a pragmatic, randomized‐controlled, non‐inferiority trial with an extensive process evaluation. Women aged ≥18 years, suffering from UI ≥ 2 times per week and with access to a smartphone or tablet are eligible to participate. The primary outcome will be the change in UI symptom scores at 4 months after randomization, as assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire UI Short Form. Secondary outcomes will be the change in UI symptom scores at 12 months, as well as the patient‐reported global impression of improvement, quality of life, change in sexual functioning, UI episodes per day, and costs at 4 and 12 months. In parallel, we will perform an extensive process evaluation to assess the expectations and experiences of patients and care providers regarding app usage, making use of interviews, focus group sessions, and log data analysis. Conclusion: This study will assess both the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of app‐based treatment for UI. The combination with the process evaluation, which will be performed in parallel, should also give valuable insights into the contextual factors that influence the effectiveness of such a treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Reference values of Frequency Volume Chart (FVC) and uroflowmetry parameters for adolescent and adult enuresis patients are lacking. In this study, we aim to describe those parameters, in order to interpret findings from FVCs and uroflowmetries in those patients. Methods Retrospective, descriptive cohort study, concerning 907 patients aged 11 years and older, suffering from enuresis of at least one wet night per fortnight, treated in a secondary/tertiary centre, between 2003 and 2013. The main FVC parameters of interest were: maximum voided volume (MVV), 24 hr urine production and nocturnal urine volume (NUV) including first morning void (FMV). Nocturnal polyuria (NP) was defined based on both International Children's Continence Society (ICCS, 2014) and International Continence Society (ICS, 2002) definitions. Data of all patients were collected from the medical files. Results Age had an impact on diurnal and nocturnal FVC parameters. Median MVV excluding FMV was 250 ml in the youngest, 11-year-old males and 363 ml in the eldest, ≥18-yr-old males. For females, these values were 230 ml and 310 ml. Median 24 hr urine production increased from 1,025 ml to 1,502 ml (males) and from 1,007 ml to 1,557 ml (females). Median NUV showed an increase from 387 ml to 519 ml (males) and from 393 ml to 525 (females). Forty-two percent of men and 30% of women had a small MVV (for age). Prevalence of NP differed when assessed by the ICS or the ICCS definition: following ICS guidelines, NP was present in 96% of our male and 93% of our female population, compared to 27% and 41%, respectively, following ICCS guidelines. Conclusions Both small MVV and NP were found frequently in our adolescent and adult enuresis patients, which is in line with the current thoughts on causal factors. NP prevalence is quite different when using ICS or ICCS definitions, respectively. We would like to encourage the development of an unambiguous definition of NP to use both in pediatric and adult urology. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:463-468, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Adapted Dry Bed Training (Adapted DBT) has been shown to be effective in therapy-resistant adolescents and adults with enuresis. Given the substantial impact of enuresis and the time-consuming nature of Adapted DBT, we investigated which patients benefited most from Adapted DBT. Therefore, we identified predictors for a successful treatment response to Adapted DBT in this population. Methods Retrospective cohort study in 907 consecutive patients, aged 11-42 years, subjected to in-hospital Adapted DBT in our Dry Bed Center between January 2003 and July 2013. Outcome was defined as treatment success after six months (primary outcome) and six weeks. Results of logistic regression analyses are presented in odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Predictors for a successful treatment response to Adapted DBT in adolescents and adults with enuresis after six months are: gender (female), initial degree of enuresis (mild: 0-3 nights/week), current diaper use, never used anticholinergics in the past, and degree of enuresis six weeks after training. Predictors for successful treatment response after six weeks are: gender and initial degree of enuresis only. Limitation The low explained variance of our model, showing that many other factors, not included in our study, could be of interest in the prediction of success. Conclusions Several factors that predicted a successful treatment response of Adapted DBT after six weeks and six months were identified. However, the low explained variance of our model suggests that other non-identified factors are also important in predicting outcome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1006-1010, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Frequency Volume Charts (FVC) are recommended for the evaluation of enuretic patients. Although this is a good instrument for the assessment of functional bladder capacity, it is known that patient compliance could introduce problems. Therefore, we assessed whether uroflowmetry and post-void residual volume could replace FVC recordings in specific cases, by comparing the bladder capacity as measured by FVC or uroflowmetry. Methods We performed post-hoc analyses using data from a retrospective cohort study, in secondary/tertiary care. This included 907 patients between 2003 and 2013, aged ≥11 years, suffering from enuresis (≥1 wet night/fortnight). Data were collected from the medical files. Bland Altman plots were made to compare the two methods. Results Agreement between uroflowmetry and FVC was reasonable only when uroflowmetry was between 200 and 450 ml. Conclusions For individual clinical purposes, uroflowmetry can be used if values are in this range. For future research, we recommend to keep measuring bladder capacity with an FVC. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:745-747, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]