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The detection of antibiotics is still the focus of global attention, because their abuse can lead to biological hazards. Herein, three new coordination polymers as fluorescent sensors, namely [Cd3(L1)(MTC)2(H2O)6] (CP 1), [Zn(L1)(HMTC)·2H2O] (CP 2) and [Cd3(L2)(MTC)2(H2O)6] (CP 3) [H3MTC = trimellitic acid, L1 = (E)-4,4′-(ethene-l,2-diyl)bis(N-pyridin-3-yl)benzamide) and L2 = (E)-4,4′-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(N-(pyridin-3-yl)benzamide)], were synthesized by using two bis(pyridyl)-bis(amide) ligands with different spacers and trimellitic acid mixed ligands under hydrothermal conditions, which were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD and IR. CP 1 and CP 3 have similar 2D coordination networks and 3D supramolecular structures, while CP 2 is a 2D coordination structure formed by alternatively linking 1D chains of Zn-L1 and Zn-HMTC, which is further extended to a 3D supramolecular framework. In addition, CPs 1–3 can highly efficiently detect two classes of antibiotics, chlortetracycline and furaltadone, with low LODs, excellent anti-interference ability, pH stability and recyclability. In CPs 1–3, CP 1 has the lowest LOD (5.12 × 10−8 M for CTC and 9.41 × 10−8 M for FTD). The sensing mechanisms, and the influences of composition and structure differences on the performances are discussed. The results provide a reasonable experimental reference for designing CPs and understanding the influencing factors of fluorescence performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]