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The aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptome of a balanced polymorphism, under the regulation of a single gene, for phosphate fertilizer responsiveness/arsenate tolerance in wild grass Holcus lanatus genotypes screened from the same habitat., De novo transcriptome sequencing, RNAseq (RNA sequencing) and single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) calling were conducted on RNA extracted from H. lanatus. Roche 454 sequencing data were assembled into c. 22 000 isotigs, and paired-end Illumina reads for phosphorus-starved (P−) and phosphorus-treated ( P+) genovars of tolerant ( T) and nontolerant ( N) phenotypes were mapped to this reference transcriptome., Heatmaps of the gene expression data showed strong clustering of each P+/ P− treated genovar, as well as clustering by N/ T phenotype. Statistical analysis identified 87 isotigs to be significantly differentially expressed between N and T phenotypes and 258 between P+ and P− treated plants. SNPs and transcript expression that systematically differed between N and T phenotypes had regulatory function, namely proteases, kinases and ribonuclear RNA-binding protein and transposable elements., A single gene for arsenate tolerance led to distinct phenotype transcriptomes and SNP profiles, with large differences in upstream post-translational and post-transcriptional regulatory genes rather than in genes directly involved in P nutrition transport and metabolism per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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