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Focuses on the emergence of a number of unemployment organizations in the United States. Views expressed by former U.S. President William Howard Taft regarding the problems of unemployment; Enthusiasm shown by delegates of these organizations towards the Columbus convention; Conditions of despair and sufferings of manual labor behind the decision to join unemployment organizations; Contribution of a former civil engineer from the Northwest in the National Unemployment Movement; Discussion about the philosophy of the organized unemployed; Decision of the National League of Unemployed to organize for expansion and unification of the unemployed masses.

Highlights the emergence of the united front of the powerful farmer-labor movement in the U.S. Significance of the newly created Farmer-Labor Political Federation; Attempt of the socialist party to organize and coordinate progressive and radical farmer as well as labor organizations; Formation of a new organization which would serve as a platform of demands indicating the capitalist system and calling for drastic social reforms.

The article discusses the online organization of activist groups such as Black Lives Matter and the use of hashtags and other aspects of participation in online social media as activism. Emphasis is given to topic such as the demographic aspects of membership in social movements, coherence and purpose in protest movements, and ambivalence among online activists.

The article discusses income inequality in the U.S. and the history of the group known as the producers who manufacture goods and transport them. The author reports on the producer ethic in U.S. history, including its origins in eighteenth century America and its use by people and groups ranging from the People's Party, the civil rights movement of the 1960s, and the Occupy movement. He also states that following the Great Recession of the early 21st century in the U.S., political progressives might consider using the producers theory as an argument against the Republican party candidates in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.

The article reports on the Perfume of the Resistance, based on the scent of Hezbollah leader Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah's sweat-drenched cloak. The base fragrance is scented with jasmine, gardenia, or tea rose. The fragrance was created by Ali Khalil, a shop owner and political activist, who sees the fragrance as equal parts peaceful protest and business opportunity.

This article discusses the legacy of Pope John Paul II. Almost as soon as he was elected Pope in 1978, John Paul II expressed his wish to return to Poland for an official visit. Both the Communist rulers in Warsaw and the Kremlin were jittery about the possible impact of such an event, and they found themselves at odds about how to respond to the pontiff's request. Soviet party boss Leonid Brezhnev wanted to derail the visit altogether, warning his Polish counterpart, Edward Gierek, that it would "only cause trouble." Brezhnev was never known as a brilliant tactician but, in this particular case, his political instincts were right on target. The Pope made his famous triumphant procession through his homeland in June 1979, and the workers at the Gdańsk shipyard went on strike in August 1980, giving birth to the Solidarity free-trade union movement. The rest, as they say, is history. The full scope of Pope John Paul II's activism during the crucial early period of his papacy isn't all that well-known or understood.

Discusses the United States 2004 presidential election and how the white, working-class is leaning towards democratic candidate Senator John Kerry. Profiles of several white, working-class people who originally supported President George W. Bush and the Iraq War but now have soured on both; How in the 1960s, many white, working-class voters became loyal to the Republicans because they were alienated by feminism, antiwar sentiment and civil rights; How these ideals attract voters in modern politics.

The author compares the recent pro-choice demonstration in Washington, D.C. with the last major abortion-rights rally in 1992. The last time the pro-choice movement converged on the capital for a major abortion-rights rally, in 1992, the scene was very different from Sunday's March for Women's Lives. Then, the crowd that filled the Mall was primarily white, female, and baby-boomer. And the event was spearheaded by the National Organization for Women (NOW), which, after the disappearance of the Equal Rights Amendment as a national issue in 1983, made abortion a raison d'être. At last weekend's march, by contrast, you had to look hard to even find the word "abortion." Since the first Bush administration, the threat to legalized abortion has not lessened, but it has become less obvious, making it harder for the pro-choice movement to mobilize. The change in tactics extended to the legislative arena. Instead of directly attacking Roe, conservatives pursued poll-tested initiatives that drew moderates to their cause while furthering the long-term goal of a ban on abortion. Such subtle rollbacks may be as frightening to Planned Parenthood, naral Pro-Choice America, and NOW as earlier Supreme Court cases, but they are far more difficult to challenge. So the pro-choice movement has taken a page from the right's playbook. The message at Sunday's march was carefully crafted to appeal to an audience beyond traditional abortion supporters, while reminding them that conservatives continue to undermine reproductive rights.

Focuses on the meeting commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) of Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. Role of Marion Barry in the formation of SNCC; Assessment of the role of SNCC in the civil rights movements for African Americans; Indifference shown by the African Americans to the protests in opposition to globalization; Comments made by Reverend James Lawson, a Methodist minister who served as spiritual mentor to many of the SNCC activists, regarding racism in the U.S.

Reports on the protestation by gays of the Millennium March in Washington for equality. Organization of the march by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) and the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches; Failure of the march to demonstrate the unity and power of the gay community; Press release by an Ad Hoc Committee labeling the usage of millennium as discriminatory; Criticism of HRC by liberal gay activists.

Focuses on the efforts of Meimad, an Orthodox Jewish social movement turned political party, to heal the rifts in Israel between religious Zionists, ultra-Orthodox Jews and secularists. Reason why Meimad joined the One Israel coalition supporting Ehud Barak as Prime Minister; Role of Michael Melchior, leader of Meimad; History of the group; Belief of the group that the religious differences are more important than most political issues facing Israel.

The article presents information about Meg Greenfield, an editor with the newspaper "The Washington Post," who died on May 13, 1999. She held to the old-fashioned, ungendered journalism. She rejected the notion that the perspective of women on general issue is different from the perspective of men. She rarely mentioned her personal experiences in her columns.

Offers a look at the attempt of pro-life groups in the U.S. to re-label major forms of birth control as abortion-inducing agents or abortifacients. Examples of contraceptives that were charged by the pro-life groups as abortifacients; Supporters of the argument raised by pro-life group American Life League against contraceptives; Specifics of a provision that was introduced by pro-life Republican Representative Chris Smith to change an amendment drafted by New York Democrat Nita Lowey; Explanation that how the Republican Party handles the pro-life groups will determine the direction of the party.

Focuses on the tribalism in South Africa. Consequences of the liberation first, education later campaign launched by the African National Congress in the townships some six years ago; Information on mass murders of black men in squatter settlements and townships in South Africa; Conflict between the African National Congress (ANC) and the Zulu organization Inkatha; Comments on the ANC's delegitimization of smaller political competitors, the Pan-Africanists and the Black Consciousness movement.

Focuses on the vote of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations to readmit the Teamsters in the U.S. Importance of the mob in labor; Aim of readmission to collect more dues and settle jurisdictional disputes; View that the readmission shall tarnish the whole labor movement; View that organized crime is an old problem in labor.

Focuses on American civil rights activist Baynard Rustin who died last month. Contribution of Rustin in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott and numerous other demonstrations, including the great March on Washington which brought a climax to civil rights protests; View that Rustin was instrumental in establishing the movement's ethos of nonviolence; Discussion on Rustin's approach to civil rights movements; Ways in which Rustin will be remembered.

Presents information on the convention organized by the Modern Language Association (MLA). Information that the MLA has never quite recovered from Edmund Wilson's, an author, devastating attack on its prissy methods and editing procedures in the New York Review of Books some 20 years ago; Discussion on issues related to feminism; Opinion that modernist tradition in literature is reactionary.

Presents information on the efforts made by the U.S. government in promoting the ideals of a free and democratic society around the world. Justification for indigenous democratic forces in expecting more than moral support from the Free World; Contributions made by the National Endowment for Democracy, a U.S. government-funded independent foundation, in promoting the cause of democracy; Role of trade union movements in bolstering trade unionism and democratic values.

Examines the strategy used by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Legal Defense and Education Fund Inc. to promote racial equality in education. Reference to the case law Brown v. Board of Education in which the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed official segregation in public schools; Problems like diminished white support, internecine squabbles and a more hostile political environment faced by the fund; Rejuvenation of the civil rights movement; Recognition that integration has not improved the lives of black people that it purported to serve; Attempts to improve the fund's political base.

Presents information on the progress of anti-apartheid movement in and out of South Africa in 1984. Report that Bishop Desmond Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in October; Killing of more than 200 blacks by the police in demonstrations since September; Assertion of President P.W. Botha to take any steps necessary to maintain law and order; Need to discard constructive engagement and devise a new policy for South Africa; Information on the Solarz-Gray bill related to divestment.

Addresses the issue of women's constitutional right to an abortion in the United States. Information on a landmark case that helped create a mass movement of social issue conservatives supporting the said constitutional right; Comments on the reasoning of the courts in relation to issues of abortion; Discussion of legal opinions on abortion that have placed great weight on giving doctors the freedom to exercise their best medical judgment.

Recounts the public demonstrations against apartheid held in front of the South African diplomatic building in Washington D.C. Signs carried by the demonstrating parishioners from Saint Augustine; Activities of picketers on Massachusetts Avenue; Different types of people who participate in demonstrations; Arrest of prominent personalities and civil rights leaders; Media coverage of demonstrations and arrests; Etiquette for a senatorial arrest.

Describes the demonstration against Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic in Belgrade, Serbia on December 6, 1996. Key reason for the absence of workers in the demonstration; Question raised on the inaction of Serbs when Milosevic instigated ethnic cleansing and massacres; Participation of Russia in efforts not to punish Milosevic; Faith placed by the demonstrators on help from the U.S. and Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.

Describes the South African militia movement which is also known as the white right. Similarities between the South African white right and militia movements in the U.S.; Attitude of South African President Nelson Mandela towards the group; Factors behind the changes in the white right's cohesion.

Offers a look at the emerging grass-roots politics in the U.S. that aim to create new political subdivisions within the states and or to secede. Region in Washington which aims to create new county; Counties which petitioned for new-county status; Controversy on the real motives of secessionists; Argument raised by detractors of secessionists.

Focuses on the massacre at the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron in 1994. Views of Hai Vekayam leader Yehudah Etzion on the killings; Information on Gush Emunim settlement movement in the West Bank; Details of Rabbi Meir Kahane's Jewish teachings; Association of the Gush with Kahanism.

This article focuses on the pervasive political incorrectness in the local political scene of Moscow, Russia as illustrated by the widespread discrimination against women as perceived by female expatriates. The cultural divide about gender roles and of women's social status are also highlighted by the author's interactions with local residents. What passes for friendly gestures in the city are commonly misinterpreted by foreign women as harassment, according to the author. The problem of cultural misunderstanding is compounded by the different opinion of male-female interactions by Russian women themselves.

Focuses on the role of Umbetto Bossi, the defiant leader of the Northern League, Italy's separatist political movement, in strengthening his party position in the country. Performance of the League in the national elections held in April 1992 where it won 80 of the Parliament's 945 seats; Details about Bossi's proposed Italian Constitution; Family and career background of Bossi; Development of fascist youth movement in Italy; Demand of the League for regional independence to evade the corrupt government.

Argues that the ubiquity of the terms "politically correct" is a propaganda victory by critics of the alleged regime of left-wing intolerance at America's universities. Claim of the "Wall Street Journal," that people are far worse off now as regards the threat to intellectual freedom, the pressures to conform ideologically, than during the McCarthy era; Flaws in the theory; Author's view that very little of the "politically correct" hysteria supports the charge that anyone's right of free expression is being stifled.

Points out that the anti-war movement against the Persian Gulf War remains emotionally and intellectually stuck in the Vietnam War. Memories of the Vietnam era dominant in the arguments, slogans, sources of support and techniques; Prediction by participants in the two rallies that their cause would win broad support when the "body bags" brought the war home to the nation; Author's view that the protests need to move beyond a moral message based on the unacceptability of the use of force to a prudential argument about alternative objectives and strategies.

Reports that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R., and the Central Trade Union Council issued a decree stiffening penalties for chronic shirking. Campaign in the country to improve labor discipline; Efforts of Soviet Union to create socioeconomic and political conditions for surmounting the social inequality of the sexes and ensuring the equality of women in society and the family; Information about life of married women in Moscow.

Presents information on various socio-political issues around the world. List of books based on crime; Details of the peace movement in Europe; Condemnation by the World Health Organization of Israel for the epidemic of vomiting, nausea, and dizziness that raged through the population of young girls of the West Bank; Citation from the article "What Are We Waiting For?" by Henry Steele Commager, published in the July 6, 1968 issue.

Focuses on the attitude of U.S. President Ronald Reagan toward the peace movement. Comments made by Reagan against the movement for suspension of nuclear weapons program during his speech to veteran soldiers in Columbus, Ohio; Arguments given by Reagan for his criticism of the movement; Patriotism of Senator Jeremiah Denton; Proposals of Reagan for arms reductions.

Focuses on developments related to politics and government in Poland. Speculations regarding the role of the Soviet Union in internal affairs of Poland; Overview of relations between the U.S. and Poland; Information on military forces in Poland; Comments on the doctrine of the Soviet bloc; Discussion of several similar social and political movements that have taken place in the world.

Presents information on the civil rights movements in Greensboro, North Carolina. Refusal by a lunch counter of Woolworth, North Carolina to serve coffee to the African American students from the Agricultural and Technical College Greensboro; Success of the civil rights movements started by African Americans in Greensboro; Need of the campaigns for civil rights and economic and social reforms that are necessary to make the rights meaningful for the poor and the unemployed; Appreciation of the unity among African Americans and Whites in the campaigns for civil rights.

Examines the situation in Vietnam a few years after the successful antiwar movements which resulted in the cessation of the Vietnam War and resulted in a triumphant communist invader squatting victoriously on half the battleground and eyeing the remainder with a predatory glance. Resultant political and racial massacres, purges and persecutions; Thousands of Vietnamese forced to become refugees and try their luck on the oceans; Comparison with the Nazi atrocities; Author's view that there are indications that those who lauded the Viet Cong conquest are now clamoring that something should be done for the victims of that conquest.

Reports that Czechoslovakia remains one of the most tightly-run regimes in Eastern Europe years after a nationwide tide of unrest. Examples of the revelation of the superficial character of the normalization that allegedly has taken place such as the repression of the "Charter 77" human rights movement; Reasons why Hungarian leader Janos Kadar failed in his bid for communism in Czechoslovakia; Differences in character of the Czechoslovak reform movement from the Hungarian rebellion.

Focuses on the rescheduling of the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the United States. Issue on the time limit on justice, or the cause of equal human rights; Points of controversy on the constitutional procedure of extension; Impact of general sentiment on the symbolic power of the ERA; Suggestion that instead of extending the ERA, there is a need to start from scratch if the deadline expires without three more ratifications.

Focuses on the concern of the U.S. over the Soviet Union political strategies towards Africa. Information on the U.S. foreign relation with the Soviet Union; Report that the Soviet miscalculation would be a decision to intervene military, along Cuba, in the Rhodesian crisis; Support of the Soviets and Cubans to African causes like the anti-imperialist fraction in Angola; Opinion of the Russians on Carter's foreign policy; Comment that U.S. President Jimmy Carter's decision on producing the neutron bomb would depend on Soviet cooperation in Strategic Arms Limitation Talks; Tribulations of Carter over the Panama Canal treaties.

Presents information on the fate of the Equal Rights Amendments (ERA). Information on the fact that on November 4, New Jersey and New York voters have decisively turned down state ERA; View that the ERA is doomed and is rightly so; Opinion that proponents of ERA failed to establish how or in what measure ERA would advance the equality of women; Allegations that ERA would legalize homosexual marriages; View that ERA would not have helped to improve the socio-economic status of the women.

Discusses the political scenario of Tanzania and role of Dar es Salaam in liberation movement of blacks in white-dominated Southern Africa. Implication of the Lisbon coup on Portugal's colonialist desires; Information on the South African attitude towards the liberation movement of blacks; South African policy of détente; Details of the Liberation Committee of the Organization of African Unity.

Focuses on the problems of prison system in the U.S. Evidence of corrupt practices with adherence to criminal values; Existence of official and unofficial policies of racial segregation; Attribution for the Symbionese Liberation Army on the influence of radicals who came into prison; View that the civil rights movement did not create the racial polarization among the inmates; Fact that realizing the corrupting influence of penal institutions, judges were taking every opportunity to parole people to the community and were reducing prison terms; Existence of official and unofficial policies of racial segregation.

Focuses on political and economic conditions of China under the leadership of Communist leader Mao Tse-tung. Questions on the economic stability of the country; Overview on the domestic and foreign policy of Mao Tse-tung; Resurgence of anti-Communist movement; Features of youth movement started by China against the university entrance examinations on the grounds that they penalize the less educated children of peasants and workers; Factors responsible for the outbreak of Cultural Revolution in China; Emergence of Communist party bureaucrat Teng Hsiao-ping, during the Cultural Revolution; Criticism of Western composer Beethoven by Chinese propagandists.

The article focuses on the value of discontent. According to the author, as nature is the tacit enemy of man, it may be admitted that those whose living depends on mastering nature hover continuously between sullen and legitimate discontent. The best witness to the value of discontent is a reluctant one. A true man bears witness, under fire, as he bears arms. He does not equivocate behind a breastplate of high office. There is nothing devious about this keen-tempered, sensitive and valiant spirit.

The article analyses the book "The Mandarins," by Simone de Beauvoir. The author has not tried to be tactful but she has the reader firmly gripped. The treatment of the book is impressive and overwhelming, but not interesting. Concurrent with the flow of debate, and inseparable from it, runs the story of the various paths taken by the French intelligentsia in the post-liberation period, when the unity of the Resistance Movement began to evaporate. The weakness of the novel lies in the fact that the lengthy debates are more apt to exasperate than challenge the reader.

The article presents information on the book "The French Labor Movement, by Val R. Lorwin. Val Lorwin's carefully compiled account of the French labor movement from its beginnings as secret societies of wandering bachelor journeymen in the fifteenth century down to its present schizophrenic paralysis, is in a sense an observation, like Malraux's, on the shabby, worn, down-at-the-heels remnants of a brilliant past. In France today there is a syndicate with effective representation protecting the powerfully institutionalized interest of every economic activity in the country, except those of wage-earners.

Discusses the role of South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu in enacting the cease fire. Condition of the team in proceeding to the designated posts in the country; Support on the cease-fire campaign of the International Commission for Control and Supervision by the Paris agreement; Aim of the Vietcong to win the sympathies of the urban population it has never been able to control through armed action.

Focuses on the student movements in colleges and universities in the U.S. Petitions signed by various students for the creation of student public interest research groups; Purpose of the voter registration campaign organized by the public interest research group; Significance of the public interest research groups; Information on the Minnesota student public interest research group; Provision of a continuing opportunity for students to connect their growing knowledge to public problems and solutions in the society.