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The article focuses on the history of the Battle of Verdun, France, one of the largest battles of the First World War between French and German military forces in 1916. Topics mentioned include the social aspects of war, the number of casualties in the Battle of Verdun, and the social aspects of war veterans. Also mentioned are the insights of writer Jean Dutourd on the monuments in Verdun and the number of unidentified victims of the battle.

The article focuses on the history of the Battle of Verdun, France, one of the largest battles of the First World War between French and German military forces in 1916, that leads to the cooperation of the two countries. Topics discussed include the social aspects of war, the number of casualties in the Battle of Verdun, and the importance of international relations management.

This article discusses Hugo Rafael Chávez Frias, his return to power after a failed coup in 2002, and how many believe his divisive policies are provoking a civil war in Venezuela. Experts believe that Venezuela is on the brink of civil war with the population arming itself, imputing evil intentions to opposing factions, and politicizing the media. INSET: Hugo's friends and foes.

Discusses the role of democracy in changing the characteristics and strategies of war throughout history. Consideration of the campaigns for mass murder conducted by dictators such as Adolf Hitler, Pol Pot, and Joseph Stalin; Focus on the incidence of genocide in the 20th century; How the mass murder of civilians is caused by a breakdown in the establishment of a society; Suggestion that democracy and nationalism spurned mass killing in the wars of the twentieth century; Danger associated with racial hatred.

A reprint is presented of the article "The British People Would Rather Go Down Fighting," an interview with future British Prime Minister Winston Churchill conducted by the publication's editor, Kingsley Martin, which appeared in the January 7, 1939, issue. Topics include rearmament of the British military, the contrast between democratic and totalitarian states, and the impact of war on freedom of speech and other liberties.

The article discusses a study which found that Muslims living in the U.S. enjoy a better life than those in Great Britain. The research, conducted by the Pew Research Center, found that most U.S. Muslims are assimilated and moderate to many issues in the Muslim world. The study found that British Muslims identify themselves first as Muslims and second as Britons, the opposite of U.S. Muslim sentiment. Also discussed is the effect of the Iraq War and the War on Terror on Muslim attitudes.

Contends that civil disobedience may be the only way for those who cannot support the U.S. and British led war on Iraq to force politicians to listen. Anti-Americanism in the United States; Militarism in the U.S.; Connection between President George W. Bush officials and Israel; Focus of the Bush administration on establishing a new order in the Middle East; Claim made by military analyst Vladamir Slipchenko that one of the main purposes of the invasion of Iraq is to test new weapons; Global peace demonstration of February 15, 2003; Acts of civil disobedience.

Discusses the British political left and its stance on a war in Iraq. How arguing against war is arguing for a status quo which drives millions of Iraqi civilians into exile; Historical attitude of Great Britain toward political refugees from Germany, East Africa, China and Kenya; How British politicians Mike O'Brien and Jack Straw took through parliament an asylum bill which made it impossible for asylum-seekers to enter Britain legally; Claims that 'asylum-seeker' grew to be synonymous with 'terrorist'; Statement that the logical consequence is to ban asylum applications from the citizens of Islamic countries; Calls for Britain to abandon the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention.

The author reflects on the anti-war sentiments of left-wing politicians and civilians in Great Britain, and it mentions the Stop the War Coalition (STW) social movement which was launched in 2001, as well as British political leader Jeremy Corbyn's support for STW and the author's claim that peace activists are ignoring the damage being inflicted by the Syrian civil war. According to the article, pacifists in Western democracies routinely blame their governments for intervening in other nations.

This article discusses the possible hostilities between the United States and Iran. The author states that the invading force knows as little about Iranian society as it did about Iraq prior to the start of war in that country. The writer warns against a military attack on Iran, claiming that such an action would hamper societal and political changes.

Reports that Cindy Sheehan has concluded her vigil outside of U.S. President George W. Bush's ranch in Crawford, Texas. Suggestion that quietness of her departure was in striking contrast to the publicity fanfare of the preceding month; Comments made by Sheehan regarding the social impact of Hurricane Katrina; Political impact of Sheehan's protest against the war in Iraq.

Comments on war and popular culture. Author's views on the invasion of Iraq; Observation that historical amnesia can spread quickly; Reference to the Vietnam war; The false and dishonest assumptions that permeated the media coverage of the war; Issue of the so-called communist threat; Question of how young people make sense of today's news from Iraq and elsewhere; Outlook for Iran; Call for moral responsibility to protect our memory and the lives of human beings.

Focuses on the attempts of Afghani President Hamid Karzai to broker a deal with the Taliban and end insurgency in Afghanistan. Reference to a suicide bombing at the Muslim festival of Eid ul-Adha; Fears of Taliban militants that the U.S. military will harass them if they lay down their weapons; Ways in which Karzai has dealt with warlords in Afghanistan; Report that soldiers in Afghanistan are receiving vocational training and support in an effort to reintegrate them into Afghan society.

Focuses on the decline of the British antiwar movement in 2004. Report that the Stop the War Coalition movement is supporting the oppressors of racial minorities, secularists, women, gays and trade unionists; Resignation of Mick Rix from the Stop the War Coalition; Criticism of the Stop the War Coalition's support for Iraqi insurgents against U.S. and British forces in Iraq; Reference to the book "Pretty Straight Guys," by Nick Cohen; Statement that the left can oppose the Iraq War without supporting the continued violence caused by insurgents; Involvement of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in the Stop the War Coalition; Alliance between the SWP and the Muslim Association of Britain, which discriminates against gays and women.

Posits that the U.S. war on terrorism is not working and that leaders such as U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair need to develop a new model of foreign policy for fighting terrorists. Consideration of a scientific analysis on how to control and prevent terrorism; Suggestion that neo-conservatives in the U.S. want to impose their ideas and rule on the world; Dependence of zealots on support from society; Claim that the efforts to fight terrorism have not made a difference to the frequency of terrorist attacks.

Presents the views of the author about his role as a journalist in reporting the genocide and human atrocities present in Rwanda in 1994. Organization of massacres by Rwanda's president Juvénal Habyarimana; Efforts of humanitarian aid societies such as the United Nations to improve conditions for the Rwandan people; War between the Hutus and the Tutsis; How the journalist helped to reunite an orphan with her family.

Offers a look at post-war Baghdad, Iraq, during the United States' occupation of the country in 2003. Location of the Coalition Provisional Authority's public offices; Statement that the U.S. occupiers have isolated themselves from the Iraqis in fear of terrorist attacks; Attacks on the Jordanian embassy and the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad; Discussion of the group claiming responsibility for the United Nations headquarters attack, the Armed Vanguard of the Second Army of Muhammad.

Reports that entrepreneurs are capitalizing on the travel trend of recent war zones attracting adventurous tourists. How tourism in several countries, including Yugoslavia, Vietnam, Germany, have been affected by war or political change; Mention of Lonely Planet, a Web site with a message board for travellers; View of Michael Money, psychological lecturer at Liverpool John Moores University, that this type of travel is not a morbid fascination for danger and death.

Discusses the feelings of various Iraqi exiles with regard to the U.S. and British occupation of Iraq. Speculation from an Iraqi teacher that there will be a civil war in Iraq after dictator Saddam Hussein is removed; Suggestion that the Muslims in Iraq will not accept the U.S. invasion of Iraq; Role of the United Nations in international disputes; Others.

Contends that while no U.S.-led war in Iraq would have been the best result of the conflict, a fast U.S.-British victory and the swift removal of Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein will be the best the world can hope for. Risks of war include civilian deaths, mass disease and starvation, floods of refugees, heavy losses of U.S. and British troops, violent uprisings in the Islamic world, and collapse of the financial markets; Statement that the first Gulf War in 1991, though a comprehensive victory, was most likely the reason terrorist Osama Bin Laden was able to spread anti-U.S. hatred so easily; Long-term results of war; Discussion of North Korea's incentive to amass weapons of mass destruction; Damage the conflict has caused to the United Nations; Prospect of United States hegemony; Implications for the principle of democracy.

Discusses the French opposition to a U.S.-led war in Iraq. French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin's speech in the United Nations Security Council on peace and international ideals; How French President Jacques Chirac is the global leader of the anti-war movement; Statement that opposing the United States helps to shape France's national identity; Claim that both the U.S. and France believe they represent a universal culture with values to be exported; Role of oil as a deciding factor for how countries position themselves on the issue of Iraq; French conviction that the settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the real priority in the Middle East; How German leader Gerhard Schröder said no to a U.S. attack on Iraq; Belief that preventative war violates international law; How the U.S. has called France anti-American; Fate of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Statement that Chirac has done a much better job of reflecting European public opinion in his policy than British Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Contends that by taking the moral high ground in his argument for a war on Iraq, British Prime Minister Tony Blair has lost what little chance he had of convincing the British people of the necessity for war. Statement that the issue of public support depended upon Blair's ability to convince the mass of people that they have more to fear if Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is left free than if he is provoked by a British-U.S. attack; Peace movement in London, England; Popular opinion in Great Britain that the British need not ally themselves to U.S. President George W. Bush in this cause; Statement that the humanitarian argument is the strongest argument for war because it is tangible and undisputed; Blair's chances of re-election.

Profiles ex-U.S. marine Ken Nichols O'Keefe and how he has traveled to Baghdad, Iraq to become a human shield in an effort organized by the Truth, Justice, Peace action group to prevent military action against the civilian population in a U.S.-led war in Iraq. Shame he feels over his actions in Iraq during the Gulf War, 1991; More human shields organized by the organization Voices in the Wilderness; Human shields in the West Bank that protect the Palestinian civilians from Israeli militia; Prediction that the conflict could leave 18 million Iraqis without access to food.

Discusses how fears, tension and frustration can disintegrate community relations and social cohesion as people begin to look for a scapegoat. Interview with British Home Secretary David Blunkett; Statement that the government must create a sense of security because if people feel insecure progressive politics is dead; Violence in society; Threat of terrorism in society; Whether war with Iraq is inevitable.

Comments on Israel's cultural destruction in Palestine. Social destruction caused by the Israeli army in Palestinian territory; Psychological implications of the conflict between the two countries; Threat posed by war to cultural heritage.

Presents a reflections done in 1914 about the outbreak of World War I. Impact of the declaration of war to British individuals; Attitude towards Germany; Effect of the war to personal views.

The author offers opinions on war and society. It is argued that the ongoing involvement of Great Britain in the Afghan War is a reflection of the fundamental irrationality of the decision by a democratic government to begin a war and sustain it past any logical expectation of gain. A state of cognitive dissonance in society is held responsible for the continued pursuit of wars by democracies.

In this article the author discusses his travel to the nation of Uganda, a journey undertaken under the auspices of the Save the Children charitable organization. He describes the after-effects of a civil war fought between government forces under president Yoweri Museveni and the Lord's Resistance Army.

The article focuses on calls within Syria for regime change. The Ba'athist government is being challenged by the National Salvation Front, a party started by Muslim Brotherhood leader Ali Sadreddin al-Bayanouni and former vice-president Abdul Halim Khaddam. The danger of civil war in the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic society is discussed.

The author comments on British politics and culture. Recently intelligence has been used to justify everything, from invading a sovereign state to torture and internment without trial. Since the invasion of Iraq, the author has been trying to find a way to write about it in a novel. In writing fiction, everything goes into the mix.

Comments on Memorial Day 2005 in the U.S. Observations on Memorial Day celebrations; Suggestion that there is a chasm between the American people and the U.S. military that is greater than at any time in history; Attitudes regarding the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; Sentimentalization of the war by the media; Public opinion; Media coverage of the Iraq war; Ways the country is distancing itself from war.

Offers a discussion about human nature and war. Reference to the film "Hotel Rwanda," regarding the genocide of Tutsis by the Hutu militia in Rwanda; Statement that the motion picture did not offer an explanation of why so many Hutus became involved in the killing; Lack of a Hutu perspective of the genocide; Statement that crimes against humanity occur when a society lets a few psychopaths dictate their actions; Opinion that the entertainment industry does not allow for moral ambiguities; Need for research into collective behavior.

Offers a look at the conflict in Iraq between insurgents and the United States as of August 2004. Support for Iraqi cleric Moqtada al-Sadr and his Mahdi militia; Discussion of the social conditions in Thawra, including the lack of a sewage system; Armaments held by militiamen such as hand grenades; Report that nearly 1,000 Iraqi civilians were killed in Thawra between April and May 2004 as the U.S. troops fought the Mahdi; Statement that when the U.S.-led occupation administration closed al-Sadr's newspaper in March, he became a celebrity in the resistance as he admonished the occupiers for suppressing free speech.

Focuses on the efforts of evangelical Christians in the U.S. to get government attention over the plight of Christian minorities in Sudan. Missionary and humanitarian activities of evangelicals in Sudan; Start of civil war in the country.

Offers a look at the Commission for Africa launched by British Prime Minister Tony Blair in 2004. Effect of the cold war on Africa's political and social conditions; Aid given to the developing world to lift it out of poverty; Claim that, since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, international aid will be allotted on the basis of whether it is perceived to further or weaken western security interests; Example of Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni's handling of a rebel campaign in Uganda; Funding given to African countries in return for support in the war on terror.

Argues why British television should show viewers more corpses from Iraq. Contention that the sight of what violence can do to humans is a potent anti-war message; Anger over the lack of graphic violence on coverage of the Iraq war; Civilian death toll in Iraq; Portrayal of war in such countries as France and Italy; Irony of British television coverage in times of conflict; Attitudes of newsmakers; View that people are entitled to see the consequences of the British government's decision to invade Iraq.

Reports on the military weapons that will be used in the event of a U.S.-led war in Iraq. Weapons include laser-guided missiles; remote-controlled attack drones and high-power microwave weapons; Discussion of how microwave weapons aim at disabling the Iraqi military communication systems and computer-guided weaponry; Inability of war journalists to operate cameras, make satellite phone calls, or write on computers after the use of a microwave weapon; Iraq society preparations for war; War correspondents in Baghdad, Iraq.

Provides a list run-down of which British organizations will protest the U.S. and British-led war in Iraq. Stop the War Coalition intends to disrupt civil life by organizing mass walkouts from schools and workplaces; London students from King's College will march on parliament; Greenpeace's blockades of military bases; Amnesty International peace vigils; Others.

Considers the wine industry during a period of imminent war with Iraq. Consideration of wine-growing as the cause and effect of war; Suggestion that so-called wine bores are more entertaining than war bores.

Contends that the threatened war on Iraq does not have enough vocal support from the international popular musicians. Protest musicians in the 1960s including Bob Dylan and Marvin Gaye; How many musicians in 2003 are afraid to get political in their music because of feared losses in record sales; How Damon Albarn and Sir Elton John are some of the few musicians creating any protest music; Madonna's protest song 'American Life'; Billy Bragg's song 'The Price of Oil'.

Examines the role of poetry in war times and the strength of poetry in 2003 within the possibility of war. Why the First World War was particularly a literary war; Presence of poets Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Lowell, Stephen Spender, and Edmund Blunden; Role poetry plays in today's society; Duty of a poet to be politically engaged.

Reports on the psychological and sociological aspects of conflict and war. Information on the survey 'Suicide: A European Perspective,' by Nils Retterst ø l; Depression rates in Northern Ireland based on a survey in 1972.

Details the efforts of the several charitable organizations in Europe to provide relief to the Igbos in Nigeria during the 1966s civil war. Factor that moved the people of Europe to band together to help the Igbos who suffer from major ethnic groups in Nigeria; Risks relief workers dared to help the children who have become malnourished.

Comments on the trial against former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic in the Hague, Netherlands, for international crimes. Comparison between the crimes charged against Milosevic and the initiatives led by Cambodian leader Pol Pot; Damages brought by the leadership of Milosevic; Explanation on the War against Demons, one of the propaganda models replacing the cold war.