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Accurately forecasting the infrared radiation properties of multilayer systems exhibiting phase transition behavior presents a formidable challenge. In this study, we propose a physically-inspired Phase Transition Adaptation Model (PTAM) that leverages a deep neural network with a branching architecture, coupled with an analytical optical solver. Given the inherent difficulty in accurately measuring film thickness and the inability to test optical constants in situ, we employ a semi-self-supervised learning strategy and train the model exclusively using experimental twin spectral data generated by VO2-based smart radiation devices (SRDs) during the thermal phase transition process. Our proposed model exhibits remarkable proficiency in capturing spatial distribution information pertaining to material characteristics in multilayer systems possessing thermochromic phenomena. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional accuracy in predicting the radiation regulation performance of such systems. These advances have significant implications for the cost-effective and efficient development of SRDs. In line with the pressing need to combat climate change and promote sustainable energy practices, this research makes a vital contribution to the quest for a more sustainable future.

The heating and cooling of enclosure space consume a large part of the global energy and contribute to the rise of extreme weather and the greenhouse effect. The radiative cooling and heating function by emitting infrared waves is a passive thermal management strategy, yet most of the research ignored the effect of inner radiance on the object temperature in enclosed spaces. Herein, a tunable Janus emitter with two types of multilayer configuration consisting of VO2/SiO2/ITO was designed and achieved controllable unidirectional emission for thermal management of enclosed spaces. The Fabry-Perot cavity helps create asymmetrical infrared emission on the separate sides, as well as tunable emissions are produced on both sides when the metal-insulating transition of VO2 occurs. This design results in not only remarkable thermal management within enclosed spaces, but also controllable heat insulation and release ability for outdoor spaces. This work may provide new strategies for energy saving, personal thermal management, and other facilities.