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Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The Koori1 Quit Pack study aimed to assess the feasibility of a multi-component mailout smoking cessation intervention to reduce smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people., Methods: A non-randomised, single-group feasibility study conducted among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who reported current smoking. The intervention package included information pamphlets and resources on quitting, referral offer to Aboriginal Quitline and optional free Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT). Follow-up was conducted at 2-weeks, 6-weeks, 10-weeks and 6-months post recruitment. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment and retention rates, uptake of intervention components and smoking abstinence at 6-week follow-up (primary end point). Cessation outcomes were analysed using both a complete case analysis and intention-to-treat approach., Results: 165 participants were recruited, 111 (67.3%), 79 (47.9%), 59 (35.8%), and 94 (57%) participants completed the 2-week, 6-week, 10-week, and 6-month follow-up. At 10-week follow-up, 40.7% of participants used pamphlets and booklets, 13.6% used Quitline and > 90% used NRT. At 6-week follow-up, 87.3% reported a quit attempt and 46.8% sustained quitting. 46.8% were continuously smoke-free at the 6-week timepoint. The complete case analysis and the intention-to-treat analysis at 6-month shows a 7-day self-reported point prevalence abstinence of 34% and 19.4% respectively., Conclusion: The Koori Quit Pack mailout smoking cessation program was feasible to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The intervention resulted in a high smoking cessation rate and should be upscaled, implemented and evaluated nationally., Implications: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are disproportionately impacted by tobacco related harms, however the majority want to quit or wish they never took up smoking. Mailout cessation support is feasible, overcomes access barriers to evidence-based support and increases quitting success. We recommend a national mailout smoking cessation program is implemented for, and by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to accelerate declines in smoking prevalence to eliminate tobacco related death and disease., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)

Introduction: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people want to quit smoking. There is global evidence of combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (c-NRT) alongside behavioural support as best practice approach to smoking cessation care. However, there is limited adherence and acceptability research regarding NRT and behavioural supports for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Similarly, there is limited research on what is considered culturally appropriate and safe support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to quit smoking., Methods: This Aboriginal-led qualitative study explored the acceptability of the Koori Quit Pack. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants shared experiences of quitting with the mailout c-NRT program and behavioural cessation support through Yarning. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop themes., Results: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are motivated to quit smoking and have accessed cessation supports from health professionals. However, the support(s) received are not always appropriate or culturally safe. The Koori Quit Pack was deemed acceptable and useful for smoking cessation. Having access to smoking cessation care and knowledge of c-NRT helped people quit smoking, and support others to quit too., Conclusion: A combination of NRT products alongside culturally responsive behavioural support(s), delivered through a mailout package was a beneficial strategy to help Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people quit smoking. National implementation of such a package could assist to accelerate reductions in tobacco use, helping meet national smoking reduction targets and improve health outcomes., Implications: Cessation supports offered to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are not always culturally-safe or effectively delivered. The Koori Quit Pack provided Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with culturally-safe smoking cessation support delivered for and by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, demonstrating mailout smoking cessation supports as acceptable and highly valued. Mailout support eliminates accessibility barriers to cessation care while providing tools and knowledge to quit can lead to smoke-free behaviours among individuals and communities. Country-wide availability of this program can accelerate reductions in tobacco use, helping meet national targets and improve health outcomes consistent with the National Tobacco Strategy and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)

Introduction: There is significant variation in the format and delivery of group-based smoking cessation programs. To guide research and healthcare program implementation, it is important to understand the active components of interventions., Aims and Methods: This review aimed to (1) identify behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in effective group-based smoking cessation interventions, (2) determine the effectiveness of group-based smoking cessation interventions on smoking cessation at 6-month follow-up, and (3) identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) related to effective group-based smoking cessation. The following databases were searched in January 2000 and March 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. BCTs used in each study were extracted using the BCT Taxonomy. Studies that included identified BCTs were computed, and meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate smoking cessation at 6-month follow-up., Results: A total of 28 BCTs were identified from 19 randomized controlled trials. Studies included an average of 5.42 ± 2.0 BCTs. The most frequent BCTs were "information about health consequences" and "problem solving." The pooled 6-month smoking cessation was higher in the group-based intervention group (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.72, p <.001). Inclusion of the following four BCTs: "Problem solving," "Information about health Consequences," "Information about social and environmental consequences," and "Reward (outcome)" were found to be significantly associated with increased rate of 6-month smoking cessation., Conclusions: Group-based smoking cessation interventions doubles the rate of smoking cessation at 6-month follow-up. Implementing group-based smoking cessation programs, that incorporate multiple BCTs, is recommended for an effective smoking cessation care., Implications: Group-based smoking cessation programs improves smoking cessation outcomes in clinical trials. There is a need to incorporate effective individual BCTs techniques to enhance smoking cessation treatment outcomes. A robust evaluation is required to assess the effectiveness of group-based cessation programs in real world settings. There is also a need to consider the differential effectiveness of group-based programs and BCT impacts on populations, for example, indigenous peoples., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)

Introduction: Tobacco is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Accordingly, the provisions of culturally safe and effective smoking cessation strategies are crucial. While previous research has suggested Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners are well placed to provide smoking cessation care, no research to date has explored the workforce knowledge, attitudes and practices in offering best practice cessation care., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners from June to September 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to examine participant characteristics, provision of smoking cessation care, and explore the factors associated with smoking cessation care., Results: Out of 1052 registered Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners, 256 participants completed the full survey (24.3%). Smoking cessation counseling was always provided by 41.9%; provided some of the time by 42.4%, and never provided by 12.9%. Combination NRT and Quitline referral were always offered by 23.1% and 44.9% of participants, respectively. Those that received training, felt smoking cessation care was part of their role, and were based in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization were significantly more likely to offer best practice smoking cessation care., Conclusion: Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations play a critical role in delivering high quality, evidence based and culturally safe care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners are well placed to offer smoking cessation care. Ongoing funding and implementation of a targeted smoking cessation workforce with appropriate training and resources are urgently required., Implications: Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners are well placed to offer culturally safe, best practice smoking cessation care. However, due to the magnitude and complexity of Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners roles, it is challenging for smoking cessation care to be consistently and feasibly integrated into usual care. Acknowledging Australia's National Preventative Health Strategy target of 27% or less Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people smoking by 2030, urgent investment and resourcing must be directed to building a skilled workforce to support quitting and maintaining smokefree behaviors, ensuring equitable access to smoking cessation care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)