1. Time to first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking: implications for nicotine dependence
- Author
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Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Resea Center, Tobacco Dependence Phenotype Workgroup, Timothy Baker, Megan Piper, Danielle McCarthy, Daniel Bolt, Stevens Smith, Su-Young Kim, Suzanne Colby, David Conti, Gary Giovino, Dorothy Hatsukami, Andrew Hyland, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Raymond Niaura, Kenneth Perkins, and Benjamin Toll
- Subjects
Predictive validity ,Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Index (economics) ,Time Factors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Models, Psychological ,Quit smoking ,Article ,Recurrence ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Nicotine dependence ,media_common ,Morning ,Demography ,Motivation ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,Abstinence ,medicine.disease ,Population Surveillance ,Smoking cessation ,Smoking Cessation ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
An inability to maintain abstinence is a key indicator of tobacco dependence. Unfortunately, little evidence exists regarding the ability of the major tobacco dependence measures to predict smoking cessation outcome. This paper used data from four placebo-controlled smoking cessation trials and one international epidemiologic study to determine relations between the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton et al., 1991), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI; Kozlowski et al., 1994), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS; Shiffman et al., 2004) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM; Piper et al. 2004) with cessation success. Results showed that much of the predictive validity of the FTND could be attributed to its first item, time to first cigarette in the morning, and this item had greater validity than any other single measure. Thus, the time to first cigarette item appears to tap a pattern of heavy, uninterrupted, and automatic smoking and may be a good single-item measure of nicotine dependence.
- Published
- 2008