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Evidences of reduction in fracture risk have been accumulated increasingly in patients with osteoporosis. More than ten pharmaceutical agents have been shown to be effective to vertebral fracture risk, and six agents are also effective to reduce hip fracture risk as well. Recent analyses are revealing that the uses of agents to prevent fracture are cost-effective, if the agents potently reduce both vertebral and hip fractures. Pharmaceutical intervention, when combined with appropriate nutritional support and low intensity exercise, is currently eligible to be the primary strategy in subjects with increased risk of fracture in the health care of aged persons to maintain their daily activity and quality of life.

Skeletal degeneration such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis increases morbidity and mortality of aged persons. It is associated with inflammation induced by micro particles from bone and cartilage matrices and reduction in bone quality that could be due to disturbance of regulatory function of bone mass and structure in response to mechanical loading. Deformity in the skeletons induced by osteoporosis and osteoarthritis is irreversible and accumulating. To establish the substantial methods to alleviate it, we need to know the effects of gonad hormone deficiency underlying in the diseases.