1. Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases
- Author
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Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira, Maiara F. Terra, Anna J. V. C. Brilhante, Marta García-Arévalo, João Victor da Silva Guerra, and Marieli Mariano Gonçalves Dias
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,obesity ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Population ,MAFLD ,Review ,Disease ,Severity of Illness Index ,Metabolic Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Severity of illness ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,TX341-641 ,NCDs ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,diabetes ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Fatty liver ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,cardiovascular diseases ,Chronic Disease ,business ,metabolism ,Food Science - Abstract
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this group of chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases leads us to develop more accurate and effective treatments to reduce or mitigate their prevalence in the population. Given the global relevance of NCDs and ongoing research progress, this article reviews the current understanding about NCDs and their related risk factors, with a focus on obesity, diabetes, MAFLD, and CVDs, summarizing the knowledge about their pathophysiology and highlighting the currently available and emerging therapeutic strategies, especially pharmacological interventions. All of these diseases play an important role in the contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as in the progression and severity of the symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we briefly explore the relationship between NCDs and COVID-19.
- Published
- 2021