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At present, there are few studies on the relationship between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and mortality. This study aims to explore the relationship between adult LAP and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The study people from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results of the mortality study were based on death data up to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional risk model was used to estimate the risk ratio (HR) and 95 % CI of all-cause and CVD mortality. A total of 50162 people were included in the study (the weighted average age and male proportion were 48.14 years and 48.64 % respectively). During the follow-up of 203460871 person-years, 6850 deaths were recorded, including 1757 CVD deaths. After multivariable adjustment, the increase of LAP was significantly correlated with all-cause and CVD mortality. Compared with the participants of Quartile 1 of LAP, the multivariable adjusted HRs and 95 % CI of the participants of Quartile 4 of LAP were 1.54 (1.32, 1.80) all-cause mortality (P for trend<0.001), and 1.55 (1.16, 2.09) CVD mortality (P for trend = 0.04). For every increase of natural log-transformed LAP, the all-cause mortality increased by 22 %, and the CVD mortality increased by 14 % (both P < 0.05). Our cohort study based on NHANES showed that higher LAP was significantly associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Maintaining a low LAP status may reduce the risk of death. • At present, there are few studies on the relationship between lipid accumulation product and mortality. • We study aims to study the relationship between adult LAP and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. A total of 50162 people were included in the study. During the follow-up of 203460871 person-years, 6850 deaths were recorded, including 1757 cardiovascular disease deaths. • The increase of LAP was significantly correlated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. For every increase of natural log-transformed lipid accumulation product the all-cause mortality increased by 22 %, and the cardiovascular disease mortality increased by 14 %. • Our cohort study based on NHANES showed that higher LAP was significantly associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Maintaining a low LAP status may reduce the risk of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]