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Lung cancer is one of the common types of malignant disorders and the most prevalent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Few studies have examined the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with lung cancer and findings from these studies are conflicting. Moreover, no study has examined this association in the Middle East. Therefore, the current case-control study was conducted to examine the association between DII and lung cancer among Iranian adults. We recruited 140 pathologically confirmed cases of lung cancer and 140 healthy controls who were matched with cases in terms of age. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 142-item Willett-format dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DII scores were calculated using the method developed by Shivappa et al. Overall, we found a significant positive association between DII and lung cancer so that after controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of DII scores had 2.03 times more odds of lung cancer compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.02-4.01). This significant positive association was also seen in men, but not in women. In conclusion, adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of lung cancer in adults, particularly in male adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta-analysis in 2015 revealed no significant association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and prostate cancer. Moreover, until now, no study has examined the dose–response association of GI, GL, and prostate cancer yet. The online databases were searched by two independent researchers for relevant publications up to Jan. 2019, using relevant keywords. Nine studies including five prospective and four case–control studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. These studies have included 290,911 individuals. We found a significant positive dose–response association between dietary GI and prostate cancer (Pnonlinearity = 0.03). Comparing individuals in the highest category of GI with those in the lowest category, no significant association was found between GI and prostate cancer (combined effect size: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.97–1.19, P = 0.17). Furthermore, no significant association was seen between dietary GL and prostate cancer in both dose–response analysis and when comparing the highest versus lowest categories of GL (combined effect size: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91–1.16, P = 0.65). In conclusion, we found a significant positive dose–response association between dietary GI and prostate cancer. However, significant association was not seen for dietary GL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational studies have reported controversial evidence of the association between dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer. This dose–response meta-analysis aimed to clarify quantitatively the association between dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer. The linear and non-linear relationships between fat intake and risk of ovarian cancer were investigated. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also assessed. Overall, 21 studies involved approximately 900,000 subjects were included. A significant nonlinear association was found between total fat intake with the risk of ovarian cancer, with a relatively steep slope at total fat intake higher than 30 g/day (p non-linearity <.01). Moreover, the risk of ovarian cancer was increased in non-linear form for both saturated and monounsaturated fat from 25 g/day (p non-linearity <.05). According to the findings from the linear meta-analysis, we observed a 2, 2, 1, and 1% greater risk of ovarian cancer per 10, 0.5, 2.5 g/day and 50 mg/day increase in total, trans and monounsaturated fat intake as well as cholesterol, respectively. However, this association for monounsaturated fat was marginally significant (p=.052). The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that dietary total, trans, saturated and partially monounsaturated fat as well as cholesterol intake are positively associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Several studies have evaluated the association between coffee, black and green tea consumption and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk, while the results were inconsistent. We conducted a dose–response meta-analysis of available observational studies to assess the association among coffee, black and green tea intake and the risk of NHL in the general population. Methods: Studies published up to August 2018 were identified on the basis of a literature search in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases using Mesh and non-Mesh relevant keywords. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the dose–response relationships were calculated using random-effects models. Results: In the meta-analysis of 19 effect sizes (315,972 participants with 4,914 cases of NHL), we found that higher green tea intake was associated with a 39% reduced risk of NHL (pooled RR = 0.61; 95% CIs = 0.38–0.99, I2=60.4%, pheterogeneity=0.080) in high- versus low-intake meta-analysis. No association was observed between coffee intake (pooled RR = 1.21; 95% CIs = 0.97–1.50, I2=52.6%, pheterogeneity < 0.05), black tea intake (pooled RR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.82–1.24, I2=0%, pheterogeneity=0.875) and risk of NHL in high- versus low-intake meta-analysis. Conclusions: Findings from this dose–response meta-analysis suggest that green tea intake may be associated with reduced risk of NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]