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Abstract: The gut plays a central role in some pathophysiological conditions and the preservation or restoration of gut function, such as gut barrier, is a major issue. Cellular removal and protein turnover are high. Indeed, approximately 50% of proteins are synthesized every day in the human duodenal mucosa. During catabolic or inflammatory states, intestinal protein metabolism seems to be deregulated that could be involved in gut barrier dysfunction. Gut protein metabolism can also be affected by nutrients according to the type or the amount. An increasing number of studies focus on this topic but data are still limited and remain controversial. This paper aims to review the available data on the regulation of intestinal protein metabolism during pathophysiologic conditions and the influence of nutrients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]