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Context: Obesity and mental health issues increasingly affect children and adolescents, but whether obesity is a risk factor for mental health issues is unclear., Objective: To systematically review the association between obesity and mental health issues (ie, anxiety and/or depression) among Mexican children and adolescents., Data Sourcing, Extraction, and Synthesis: A literature search of 13 databases and 1 search engine was conducted. Population, exposure, comparison, outcomes, and study design data were extracted, analyzed, and narratively synthesized. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate evidence quality., Results: A total of 16 studies with 12 103 participants between 8 and 18 years old were included. Four studies focused on anxiety outcomes, 10 on depression, and 2 on both (ie, anxiety and depression). Evidence is unclear about the association of obesity with anxiety. However, most evidence shows that Mexican children and adolescents with overweight or obesity are more likely to have depression or report a higher number of depressive symptoms than normal-weight participants. Such likelihood is greater for females., Conclusion: Health promotion interventions to treat or prevent obesity could also consider mental health outcomes., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019154132., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)

Context: A relationship between obesity and poor oral health has been reported., Objective: To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents., Data Sources: A literature search was conducted of 13 databases and 1 search engine for articles published from 1995 onward., Data Analysis: A total of 18 publications were included. Evidence was inconclusive and varied according to sociodemographic factors or outcome measuring tools. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and Filled Teeth Surfaces indices and the decayed extracted filled teeth index outcomes were included in a random effects model meta-analysis. Pooled estimates showed no statistically significant oral health differences (measured via the decayed extracted filled teeth or the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Surfaces indexes) among body mass index (BMI) categories. However, pooled estimates of 6 studies showed that children with higher BMI had worse oral health in permanent teeth (measured via the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index) than children with lower BMI (overall mean difference, -0.42; 95%CI, -0.74, -0.11)., Conclusion: Whether there is an association between poor oral health and high BMI is inconclusive; however, both co-exist among Mexican children. Therefore, health promotion and prevention efforts should address common risk factors and broader risk social determinants shared between noncommunicable diseases., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)

Context: Sustained hyperglycemia triggers chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes. A considerable volume of research has explored the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose control, but equivocal findings have been reported., Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the evidence from human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and individuals with type 2 diabetes., Data Sources: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reports published between 2000 and 2020., Data Extraction: Population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design data were extracted., Data Analysis: Eighteen RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The reported results varied across and between populations. Meta-analyses showed a significant effect, favoring the intervention group for both fasting (mean difference -4.6 [95% CI -7.88, -1.33]) and postprandial (mean difference -7.1 [95% CI -7.4, -6.9]) plasma glucose., Conclusion: Brown seaweed and its extracts show potential for preventing and managing hyperglycemia. Our meta-analysis confirms that brown seaweed positively affects plasma glucose homeostasis, with particularly promising postprandial plasma glucose effects. However, further research is needed because no high-quality RCT was identified. Species-specific and dose-response research is also required., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020187849., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)

Context: Prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising in the past 3 decades among Mexican children and adolescents., Objective: To systematically review experimental studies evaluating interventions to treat obesity in Mexican children and adolescents (≤18 years old)., Data Sources: For this study, 13 databases and 1 search engine were searched., Data Analysis: A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 2302 participants (age range, 8-16 years) from 11 states in Mexico were included. Most of the studies (n = 17 of 29) were provided in a clinical setting. A random-effect meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials was conducted and a significant effect was found on body mass index reduction that favored the intervention group (-1.52; 95%CI, -2.15 to -0.89) for short-term (≤6 mo) interventions., Conclusions: A multicomponent, multidisciplinary, and individualized intervention that includes dietary modifications, physical activity practice, behavioral strategies, and active parental involvement might help treat childhood obesity in Mexico. However, long-term results need to be produced to identify effectiveness pointers that might help establish an integrated, long-lasting care model to treat obesity., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)

Context: The prevalence of cognitive and mental health disorders are growing, and existing drug therapies do not treat the underlying cause. Grapes are a flavonoid-rich soft fruit and may therefore be beneficial to cognitive and mental health., Objective: To systematically review evidence from randomized controlled trials investigating the acute and chronic effects of grape interventions on measures of cognition and mood in healthy participants and those with mild cognitive impairment., Data Sources: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched., Data Extraction and Analysis: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria: one considered acute interventions, 6 assessed chronic effects, and one assessed acute and chronic effects of grapes. The chronic studies found improvements in some cognitive domains (eg, memory, motor skills, or executive function). Acute studies found no consistent effect on memory but saw improvements in reaction time., Conclusions: Differences in study design, dosages, and outcome tests hindered between-study comparison. Even so, the results across studies show that grapes can enhance some aspects of cognition, after both acute and chronic interventions., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020193062., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)

Context: The use of social marketing to modify lifestyle choices could be helpful in reducing youth obesity. Some or all of the 8 domains of the National Social Marketing Centre's social marketing benchmark criteria (SMBC) are often used but not always defined in intervention studies., Objective: The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of European school-based interventions to prevent obesity relative to the inclusion of SMBC domains in the intervention., Data Sources: The PubMed, Cochrane, and ERIC databases were used., Study Selection: Nonrandomized and randomized controlled trials conducted from 1990 to April 2014 in participants aged 5 to 17 years were included., Data Extraction: After the study selection, the 8 domains of the SMBC were assessed in each included study., Results: Thirty-eight publications were included in the systematic review. For the meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting body mass index or prevalence of overweight and obesity were considered. Eighteen RCTs with a total of 8681 participants included at least 5 SMBC. The meta-analysis showed a small standardized mean difference in body mass index of -0.25 (95%CI, -0.45 to -0.04) and a prevalence of overweight and obesity odds ratio of 0.72 (95%CI, 0.5-0.97)., Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that the inclusion of at least 5 SMBC domains in school-based interventions could benefit efforts to prevent obesity in young people. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42014007297., (© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)