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Nowadays, there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19 that has been proven to be safe and effective. Therefore, the prophylactic approach, that is, the preventive approach, especially in risk groups, comes plan to the fore before the disease occurs. In the Covid-19 pandemic, the preventive prophylactic approach becomes even more important as there are doctors, nurses, healthcare professionals and public officials working in this period, especially within the risk group. It is known that acupuncture administration causes an immunomodulating effect. There are many studies on this subject, especially in recent years. We classified the Covid-19 infection according to the stages of development and syndromes, considering Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this review, we discussed at which stage and syndrome acupuncture application can be effective, especially prophylaxis.

We want to share our experience about acupuncture and acupressure in newborns as a treatment modality. Researches have shown that acupressure and acupuncture are effective for headaches, stress control or obesity. Our studies and experiences about acupressure and acupuncture use in newborns and adults suggest that alternative and complementary medicine could be a promising treatment modality to be used with modern medicine. We studied in which diseases and how we can use these treatment modalities in newborns. We summarised our studies about acupuncture and acupressure effect for minor painful procedures and skin perfusion and thought that this could be a new treatment modality. Further research is needed to evaluate effective modes and doses for pain control in newborns.

Acupuncture is the most frequently used treatment method among the complementary medicine practices. Acupuncture practices mainly affect the somatic and autonomic nervous systems in the nervous system. It is important to understand the mechanism of action of acupuncture practices especially in the central nervous system. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the best techniques to explain the effects of acupuncture on the central nervous system. In the present review, the changes in the EEG by the application of acupuncture to different acupoints were evaluated. It was observed that the application of acupuncture to different acupoints caused different brain activities in different regions of the brain. In addition to this, an increase in the alpha-1 wave frequency due to the stimulation of Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (P6), and Hegu (LI 4) acupoints in different meridian and regions has indicated that these points have mood modifying and relaxation effects and they can be used in the psychological state changes.

Acupuncture point differs from non-acupuncture points in terms of receptor intensity, primarily noci receptors. This histological difference characterizes the acupuncture points. Among these differences, especially electrical properties of acupuncture poin...

Acupuncture, which is the most commonly used method among traditional and complementary medicine methods, has recently begun to be used also in pediatric cases. In the present review, acupuncture procedures performed by acupuncture needle in pediatric cases were evaluated. Studies have revealed that there are fields in which acupuncture is beneficial and not recommended for pediatric diseases. The use of acupuncture is recommended for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis, pain, nausea-vomiting and allergic diseases in children. Acupuncture and acupressure studies in neonates have also been initiated. Further studies are needed on the applicability of acupuncture in pediatric patients. How important is the benefit brought by acupuncture to children, it is also important who would perform acupuncture and which method would be used.

Human mirror neuron system is believed to provide the basic mechanism for social cognition. Mirror neurons were first discovered in 1990s in the premotor area (F5) of macaque monkeys. Besides the premotor area, mirror neuron systems, having different functions depending on their locations, are found in various cortical areas. In addition, the importance of cingulate cortex in mother-infant relationship is clearly emphasized in the literature. Functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, transcortical magnetic stimulation are the modalities used to evaluate the, activity of mirror neurons; for instance, mu wave suppression in electroencephalography recordings is considered as an evidence of mirror neuron activity. Mirror neurons have very important functions such as language processing, comprehension, learning, social interaction and empathy. For example, autistic individuals have less mirror neuron activity; therefore, it is thought that they have less ability of empathy. Responses of mirror neurons to object-directed and non-object directed actions are different and non-object directed action is required for the activation of mirror neurons. Previous researchers find significantly more suppression during the observation of object-directed movements as compared to mimed actions.

Perception is the interpretation of the sensory stimuli received from the environment. Visual, auditory, and tactile senses are collected and interpreted in the “General Interpretation Area” (Wernicke’s area). This area alone plays a much more active role than all other regions of the cortex in the comprehension of the brain called intelligence. We comprehend the events as a whole with the combination of the visual, auditory, and tactile perceptions in the Wernicke’s area; the events remain longer in our memory and its impact on us is stronger. This situation is called multi-sensory perception. Different pressure groups are in an effort to influence the feelings, sensations, systems of thought, and actions of their target population in order to ensure their target population to behave in line with their targets. In this respect, “Perception Management” is defined as all activities that are performed to influence the thoughts of a target population. Modeling, focusing attention on a specific point, creating an expectation, participation, rewarding, punishment, and stress management are among the methods applied in perception management. If we learn these methodological approaches used in perception management, we are in the opinion that it would be easy for individuals to decide independently by preventing them from the influence and manipulation of different pressure groups on their decision-making processes. Today, pressure groups aim at managing the community in line with their targets by influencing single individuals mostly using the perception management method.