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Objective To understand the depression status of maternal women and its association with occupational factors. Methods From April to July 2018, using the convenient sampling method, a total of 1 073 maternal women were investigated by the self-rating depression scale (SDS). Results Among 1 073 pregnant women, 233 had depression, with a prevalence of 21.7%, while the incidence of mild, moderate, and severe depression was 17.9%, 3.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression was reduced in those with a graduate degree or higher compared with those with junior high school education and below (OR = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.45). The maternal women in marital conditions (such as unmarried, cohabitation, widows, and divorced) had a higher risk of depression compared to women in married conditions (OR = 9.04, 95%CI: 1.62 - 50.53); while the maternal women working longer than 40 hours per week during pregnancy (versus less than 30 hours per week), sitting or walking for a long time (versus standing for a long time), and being exposed to occupational hazards (versus non-exposed) had a higher risk of depression, the OR were 2.52 (95%CI: 1.30-4.91), 3.28 (95%CI: 1.34-8.02), 2.00 (95%CI: 1.28-3.11), and 2.67 (1.78 -3.99), respectively. Additionally, compared to those who did not adjust their job position or workload after pregnancy, maternal women who adjusted their jobs or reduced their work intensity after pregnancy had a reduced risk of depression of 0.50 (95%CI: 0.32 -0.77). Conclusions Adverse occupational factors can have an impact on maternal depression. It is advisable to avoid prolonged standing and exposure to occupational hazards, rationally arrange work hours, adjust work positions and reduce work intensity. Health education should be conducted to reduce the incidence of maternal depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]