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Aim: To look at markers to differentiate ocular sarcoidosis from ocular tuberculosis in a high TB endemic population., Materials & Methods: Retrospective multicenter study involving seven tertiary eyecare centers in India between July 2016 to December 2016. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from respective hospital databases. Group A included biopsy-proven ocular sarcoidosis while group B included ocular tuberculosis., Results: Data from 2726 consecutive patients with uveitis were retrieved from the databases. Group A had 61 cases while group B included 307 cases. The mean age in group A was 43 ± 16.55 years while in group B was 38 ± 13.13 years. Females were more common in group A. Uveitis with low Schirmer test (OR-30, CI-95%), candlewax retinal vasculitis (OR-8.69, CI-95%), hilar lymphadenopathy (OR-15.23, CI-95%), fissural nodules (OR-39.11, CI-95%) had higher odds of having ocular sarcoidosis., Conclusion: Presence of dry eye, candlewax retinal vasculitis, hilar lymphadenopathy, and fissural nodules if present in a patient with uveitis, could help differentiate ocular sarcoidosis from ocular tuberculosis in a high TB endemic population.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the clinical profile of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) patients in a South Indian patient population aged <60 years and ≥60 years and determine the risk factors for recurrence of ocular inflammation., Methods: Retrospective study of 249 cases between 2006 and 2016 from two tertiary referral eye centres in south india., Results: Out of 249 cases, 189 cases were <60 years (Group 1) and 60 cases were aged ≥60 years (Group2). Presence of diabetes mellitus, increased intraocular pressure(IOP) at the time of active inflammation, use of topical steroids and recurrences were significantly more common in group 1. Significant risk factors for recurrences included corneal, uveal, scleral involvements and increase in IOP. Good vision at presentation was noted in 67.9% of the patients., Conclusions: Anterior uveitis with or without keratitis was the most common presentation observed in more than 50% cases. The overall visual outcome was good.

Purpose: To review the role of high resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) in ocular sarcoidosis in a high TB endemic population., Methods: This was a retrospective study., Results: Out of 140 cases, 54 had ocular sarcoidosis, while 86 cases had ocular tuberculosis. Abnormal HRCT findings was noted in 52 cases (96.3%) of ocular sarcoidosis compared with 55 cases (64.7%) of ocular tuberculosis (p = 0.001). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy was the most common finding in both groups (p = 0.544). Hilar lymphadenopathy and fissural nodules were significantly seen in ocular sarcoidosis (p = 0.001). Necrosis was seen in three cases of ocular sarcoidosis. In nearly half of the cases, it was not possible to differentiate between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis on HRCT., Conclusions: HRCT is a useful diagnostic tool in ocular sarcoidosis. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and fissural nodules are significant findings in ocular sarcoidosis. A confident diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis is made by the amalgamation of results of clinical, radiologic, and other laboratory investigations.

Aim: To review the results of QuantiFERON TB gold (QFT-G) in our patient population of presumed ocular tuberculosis and the effect of antitubercular therapy (ATT) on the QFT-G result., Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 82 cases of presumed ocular tuberculosis with a successful response to ATT and 6 months follow-up post-ATT. Appropriate statistical analysis was done for associations between QFT-G and independent variables. Pre-ATT QFT-G values were also compared to the post-ATT value., Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the results of QFT-G with age (0.635), gender (0.096), history of oral steroids (0.171), or type of uveitis (0.664). There was a statistically significant association between a positive QFT-G and serpiginous-like choroiditis (0.048). The majority of our patients had positive QFT even after completion of ATT but with a significant drop in the mean values post ATT (0.010)., Conclusions: Our study shows significant association of positive QFT with serpiginous-like choroiditis and persistent positivity even after completion of ATT in majority of cases in our population. There was, however, a drop in the mean values of QFT-G post-ATT.

Aim: To analyze the clinic profile of polymerase chain reaction proven viral anterior uveitis in a south Indian patient population., Materials & Methods: Retrospective, nonrandomized study between January 2009 and July 2012., Results: Out of the 36 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive viral anterior uveitis, 24 patients had varicella zoster virus (VZV) anterior uveitis, 7 patients had HSV anterior uveitis, 3 patients had cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis, and 2 patients had chikungunya virus related anterior uveitis. Corneal involvement was seen in 21 cases (58.33%). An altered iris pattern was seen in 14 cases (38.89%). Increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) at the time of inflammation was seen in 10 cases (27.78%). Reactivations were seen in 22 cases (61.11%). A comparison of herpes simplex virus (HSV)- and VZV-related anterior uveitis did not reveal any significant factors except for a previous history of herpes zoster in VZV-associated uveitis., Conclusion: We see isolated viral anterior uveitis related to HSV, VZV, CMV, and chikungunya viruses in our patient population. Corneal involvement, pigmented keratic precipitates, an abnormal iris pattern, increase in IOP, and reactivations are seen as a spectrum of viral anterior uveitis in our patient population as well.