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In this greenhouse experiment we examined how competition and herbivory affects the growth of Quercus robur seedlings and if the cotyledon nutrient reserve is of importance for survival and growth during unfavourable conditions. We planted oak seedlings with or without a strong competitor (grass turf) and subjected them to factorial grazing and cotyledon removal, in a split-plot design. After one growing season (20 weeks) we found large negative main effects from competition, grazing and cotyledon removal on all biomass components of the seedling. Seedling mortality was also significantly increased by competition. We observed an additional effect of cotyledon removal if the seedlings were also grazed or were growing in competition with grass. This gives some support to the hypothesis that cotyledon nutrient reservesare used under unfavourable conditions, but the effect was often relatively small and not detectable in the growth of all plant parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]