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Peritoneal seeding from primary gastric cancer occurs in 10–20% of patients. The diagnosis of this advanced disease is usually not provided by clinical studies prior to abdominal exploration. From the data available in the literature, the surgeon is forced to make an intraoperative judgement concerning the risks and benefits of an aggressive management plan versus supportive care. A strategy has evolved that utilizes peritonectomy and extended gastrectomy to maximally cytoreduce tumor combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In the current state of the art, the perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is heated and manually distributed to provide uniform treatment to all peritoneal surfaces and the resection site. The pharmacologic parameters have been established and the results of phase II studies are reported. Five-year survival of patients in whom a complete cytoreduction was possible is approximately 10% with a median survival of 12 months. Gastrectomy with peritonectomy to eliminate all visible implants combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy should be used in selected patients with primary gastric cancer and carcinomatosis.Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare diseases are often associated with uninformed medical decisions and poorly executed treatments because of inexperience of the physicians. Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor is a rare disease that is a form of peritoneal surface malignancy usually affecting young males, with a mean survival of 29 months. In order to begin to build a more knowledgeable clinical pathway all 7 patients treated at the Washington Hospital Center were studied and compared to patients described in the medical literature. Clinical and pathological data, tumor distribution, cytoreductive surgery, completeness of cytoreduction and survival were recorded and analyzed. The first most common symptoms were pain, increased abdominal girth and palpable abdominal mass in our patients and in the literature review. The overall survival did not improve with cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemotherapy (mean survival 32 months); however, 2 long-term survivors who responded to systemic chemotherapy of 55 and 101 months were recorded. The latter may be the longest survivor reported in the literature. No consistent response to chemotherapy was observed in our patients or in any literature review. Complete surgical removal of this malignancy did not correlate with survival in our patients. The absence of improved survival of our aggressively treated patients as compared to the literature was thought to be a consequence of an advanced stage of the disease. A new comprehensive approach that uses complete clearing of cancer by surgery and perioperative systemic and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as early as is possible in the natural history of the disease emerged as goals for future management. Copyright © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetics of heated intraoperative intraperitoneal mitomycin C (MMC) and to analyze the impact of heat, extent of peritoneal resections, and effect of intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy on the pharmacological properties of the peritoneal plasma barrier. Methods: Sixty patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were included in a phase I/II study combining cytoreductive surgery with 2 h of heated intraperitoneal mitomycin C in an intraoperative lavage technique and one cycle of early postoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given on postoperative days 1–5. Three pharmacokinetic analyses were performed: (1) pharmacokinetics of heated intraoperative intraperitoneal MMC was determined for 18 patients by sampling peritoneal fluid, plasma, and urine during the 2-h procedure; (2) impact of peritoneal resections on MMC pharmacokinetics was assessed by comparing a group of patients who underwent ≤1 peritonectomy procedure (minimal surgery) to a group of patients who underwent ≥2 peritonectomy procedures (extensive surgery), and (3) effects of heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the pharmacokinetics of early postoperative intraperitoneal 5-FU by comparing a group of patients treated with heated intraoperative intraperitoneal MMC to a control group who did not receive heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Results: The mean dose of heated intraoperative intraperitoneal MMC per patient was 22.5 ± 7.1 mg (12.9 ± 3.8 mg/m[sup 2] ). Drug absorption from perfusate was 14.3 ± 2.7 mg. The mean aeras under the curve (AUC) for perfusate and plasma were, respectively, 340 ± 138 and 15 ± 4 µg/ml × min. The mean AUC peritoneal fluid/plasma ratio was 23.5 ± 5.8. Patients who underwent extensive peritoneal resections exhibited a significantly (p = 0.037; Wilcoxon rank test) increased peak plasma concentration of MMC, a significantly (p = 0.029) increased AUC of plasma concentrations and a significantly (p = 0.034) decreased peritoneal fluid/plasma AUC ratio. Pharmacokinetic studies of early postoperative intraperitoneal 5-FU showed no significant difference in plasma AUC, perfusate AUC and AUC ratio between patients who received and those who did not receive heated intraoperative intraperitoneal MMC. Conclusions: Heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy achieves high peritoneal concentrations of MMC with limited systemic absorption. Systemic drug absorption during heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is increased when extensive peritoneal resections are performed, but such slight increases are unlikely to change the risk of systemic drug toxicities. Heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy does not alter the pharmacokinetics of early postoperative intraperitoneal 5-FU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]