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Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is one of the most abundant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is known as a primary ER resident target of cigarette smoke-induced oxidation. PDI dysfunction triggers unfolded protein response and ER stress. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-α (ERO1A) is a major regulator of PDI, and recent evidence implicates PDI and ERO1A as tumor prognostic factors. However, the associated role of PDI and ERO1A and their prognostic impact in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) remains unknown. The present study investigated the expression of PDI and ERO1A using immunohistochemistry and examined its association with smoking status and their prognostic impact in 198 NSCLCs. PDI and ERO1A expression were observed in 71.2 and 69.2% of NSCLCs, respectively, and their expressions were significantly associated with each other (P<0.001). Individual PDI (P=0.001) and ERO1A (P=0.005) expression were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis. PDI expression was significantly associated with never smoking (P=0.003). PDI expression (P<0.001) and the co-expression of PDI and ERO1A (P<0.001) were independent poor prognostic factors for OS in patients with NSCLC in multivariate analysis. Individual expression and co-expression of PDI and ERO1A may be used as novel prognostic indicators of NSCLC outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long survival of patients with primary cancer increases the chance of such patients developing second primary cancer (SPC). The development of SPC in cancer survivors exerts a large psychological, social and economic burden on patients and their families. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of cancer survivors developing SPC. The study included patients who had been diagnosed with a first primary cancer in five organs (stomach, colorectum, lung, breast and thyroid), which are the five most common sites of cancer in patients from Korea, at the regional cancer center in Jeonbuk National University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2009. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of SPC according to sex and site was calculated from 5,209 patients who were followed up to September 2017. General incidence was acquired from the National Cancer Registry of Republic of Korea. SPC occurred in 6.2% (323/5,209) of patients, and the incidence of SPC among the five major types of cancer was in the order of breast (8.8%, 46/524), colorectum (8.6%, 86/1,003), gastric (6.6%, 89/1,358), thyroid (4.7%, 67/1,437) and lung cancer (3.9%, 35/887). When all SPC sites were included, the SIRs of SPC in patients with colorectal cancer and breast cancer were >1.0 (1.21 and 1.66, respectively). Breast cancer and thyroid cancer exhibited a high site relationship (P<0.05), and colorectal cancer had a high site relationship with gastric cancer (P<0.05). The present study analyzed the incidence and pattern of SPC in patients with cancer who were diagnosed with primary carcinoma in five organs. The results of the study may be useful for effective follow-up and early detection of SPC in patients with cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Sung et al.)

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFP) are rare, benign lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent molecular studies of IFPs identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA)-activating mutations, suggesting possible neoplastic qualities to IFPs. IFPs originate from the submucosa and often extend into the overlying mucosa. Although certain IFPs infiltrate the muscularis propria focally, disruption of the muscularis propria and penetration into the subserosa is extremely rare. The current study presents an unusual case of an ileal IFP. A 48-year-old female visited the Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital (Jeonju, Republic of Korea) due to abdominal pain. Radiological study demonstrated an ileocecal-type intussusception due to a luminal polypoid mass of the ileum. The excised tumor consisted of haphazardly arranged epithelioid and spindled cells in a fibromyxoid stroma, with an abundant vascular network, accompanied by an inflammatory reaction predominantly composed of eosinophilic infiltrates. The infiltrating tumor cells disrupted the muscularis mucosa above the tumor cells and the muscularis propria below the tumor cells, and extended into the subserosa. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin and cluster of differentiation 34, while they were negative for keratin, PDGFRA, smooth muscle actin, desmin, S-100 protein, DOG-1 and c-kit. Sequencing analysis of c-kit exons 9, 11, 13 and 17, and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 indicated a wild-type status. The patient has remained well for 12 months after surgery without further treatment, with no recurrence of the tumor. Although spread of IFP under the muscularis propria is rare, identification of similar cases and further study will enhance our understanding of the nature of this tumor.