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AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016. METHODS: This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months’ to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as three months old, followed by three months to three years (49.4 %; 41 subjects), and 3 to 15 years of age (26.5%; 22 individuals). RESULTS: The average hospitalization duration was determined to be 15.30 ± 8.75 days. Moreover, our results revealed that a history of blood transfusion in 11.2% of patients. On the other hand, 35.7% of cases were determined to be positive for blood cultures. The microorganisms reported from positive blood cultures include Enterobacter (81.48%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Klebsiella (3.70%). Also, 50% of patients were hospitalised in the internal ward, 12% received immunosuppressive drugs, and 96.4% of the patients had a history of vaccination. CONCLUSION: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a burdensome public health problem, with prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates similar to those reported in critically ill adult populations. International clinical trials targeting children with severe sepsis are warranted.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice is one of the main causes of the patient's admission in the neonatal period and is potentially linked to morbidity.AIM: This study aimed to determine the possible risk factors for neonatal jaundice.METHODS: We investigated the case of infants who were admitted to the neonatal department of Ziyaeian hospital and Imam Khomeini Hospital for jaundice. Simple random sampling was used to evaluate variables related to maternal and neonatal predisposing factors based on the medical records and clinical profiles. All variables in this study were analysed using SPSS software.RESULTS: In this study, about 200 mothers and neonates were examined. Our findings depicted that mother's WBC, Hb, PLT, and gestational age were associated with jaundice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant relationships between different degrees of bilirubin with TSH, T4 levels and G6PD (P < 0.05). In fact, TSH, T4 levels and G6PD were found to be linked to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The risk factors for jaundice in our study population comprise some predisposing factors such as WBC, Hb, PLT, gestational age, TSH, and T4 levels, as well as G6PD. Neonates at risk of jaundice are linked to some maternal and neonatal factors that can provide necessary interventions to reduce the burden of the disease. Therefore, identification of associated factors can facilitate early diagnosis, and reduce subsequent complications.CONCLUSION: Neonatal jaundice should be considered as the main policy in all health care settings of the country. Therefore, identification of factors affecting the incidence of jaundice can be effective in preventing susceptible predisposing factors in newborns and high-risk mothers.