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Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) including polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) or any type of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in fellow eyes of unilateral PCV. Methods: This retrospective study included 48 patients with unilateral PCV. For the initial PCV diagnosis, optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography were performed, and patients with and without neovascularization were compared. Results: Of 48 fellow eyes, 10 (20.8%) had drusen, 9 (18.8%) had retinal pigment epitheliopathy, 9 (18.8%) had irregular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation, 13 (27.1%) had choroidal vascular dilation, 12 (25%) had choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, and 9 (18.8%) had branching vascular network (BVN) at baseline. The development of nAMD was noted in 8 eyes (17%). The subfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 0.001), irregular RPE elevation (p < 0.001), choroidal vascular dilation (p < 0.001), choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (p < 0.001), and BVN (p < 0.001) in fellow eyes were significantly correlated with development of PCV. After multivariate analysis, BVN (p = 0.045, odds ratio = 24.66) in the fellow eye was the only significant risk factor for the development of nAMD. Conclusions: PCV or CNV developed in 17% of fellow eyes during the 5 years. Unilateral PCV with contralateral BVN requires careful monitoring for future development of PCV or CNV in fellow eyes.

Background/Aims: To investigate the morphological changes of the inner retinal layer by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) after idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (MH) surgery. Methods: In a retrospective study, the authors evaluated 52 eyes of 49 patients with MH closed following vitrectomy. All patients were followed postoperatively for more than 6 months. Cross-sectional and retinal surface images were obtained using Cirrus high-definition OCT before and after surgery. In 24 of the 52 eyes, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) was analyzed. Results: The incidence of dissociated optic nerve fiber layer (DONFL) increased gradually over time after surgery. 57.7% had defects of only the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and 30.8% had defects in the inner plexiform layer at 6 months after surgery. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity did not differ significantly based on the depth of the DONFL (p = 0.299). There were no changes in FAF in the area with DONFL. Conclusions: DONFL is characterized by progressive defects that are not limited to RNFL thickness. The healing process after vitrectomy for MH is not limited in the RNFL affecting deeper structural changes. Further investigations are required to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanism of inner retinal change after MH surgery.

Background/Aims: To investigate the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and the relationship between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and visual outcome after successful resolution of ME. Methods: Forty consecutive eyes with ME secondary to branch RVO (BRVO; 29 eyes of 29 patients) or central RVO (CRVO; 11 eyes of 11 patients) were included in a prospective study and treated with 3 initial intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab at monthly intervals. Retreatment was based on visual acuity changes and OCT findings. Patients with complete resolution of ME were classified into two groups according to final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of better than 0.30 logMAR (group 1) or poorer than 0.30 logMAR (group 2), and SD-OCT findings were analyzed at baseline and at 12 months. Results: In patients with BRVO, mean BCVA at 12 months (0.19 ± 0.18) was significantly better than that at baseline (0.76 ± 0.37; p = 0.000). The mean number of injections was 4.4 ± 1.2. In patients with CRVO, the mean BCVA at 12 months (0.39 ± 0.23) was slightly improved from that at baseline (0.84 ± 0.68), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.063). Patients with CRVO received a mean number of 6.1 ± 1.4 injections of ranibizumab. Baseline SD-OCT more frequently detected the foveal inner/outer segment (IS/OS) line and external limiting membrane (ELM) in group 1 (p = 0.003) than in group 2 (p = 0.012). Preservation of the foveal IS/OS line (odds ratio = 5.400; p = 0.036) and ELM (odds ratio = 7.312; p = 0.016) at baseline correlated with good final visual outcome. Conclusion: Intravitreal ranibizumab injections effectively treat ME secondary to RVO. Good visual outcome was associated with preservation of the foveal IS/OS line and ELM at baseline.