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The primary goal of this work is to derive newly constructed invariant solutions, conservation laws, and modulation instability in the context of the (2+1)-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger's equation (cNLSE), which explains the phenomenon of soliton propagation along optical fibers. The nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their various formulations hold significant importance across a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines, especially in nonlinear optics, optical fiber, quantum electronics, and plasma physics. In this context, we utilize Lie symmetry analysis to determine the vector fields and assess the optimality of the governing equation. Upon establishing the optimal system, we derive similarity reduction equations, thereby converting the system of partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Through the simplification of these ordinary differential equations, we are able to construct several optically invariant solutions for the governing equation. Furthermore, through the utilization of the generalized exponential rational function (GERF) approach, we have derived additional intriguing closed-form solutions. Conservation laws are derived for the governing equation by utilizing the resulting symmetries introduced by the Ibragimov scheme. Furthermore, modulation instability and gain spectrum are derived for this equation to understand the correlation between nonlinearity and dispersive effects. To provide a comprehensive and insightful portrayal of our findings, we have created three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of these solutions, which reveal the periodic waves and the solitary wave structures. The form of cubic nonlinear Schrödinger's equation discussed in this article and the optical solutions obtained have never been studied before. Also, these attained solutions can be beneficial to study analytically the identical models arising in fluid dynamics, birefringent fibers, plasma physics, and other optical areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we concentrated on the dispersive long wave system in two horizontal directions for dispersive nonlinear waves on the shallow water of an open sea or a wide channel of finite depth. We investigated this governing system by using two different methodologies, namely the generalized exponential rational function (GERF) method, and the new modified generalized exponential rational function (MGERF) method. The GERF method was first introduced by Ghanbari and Inc (Eur. Phys. J. Plus 133:-142, 2018) for finding the soliton solutions for highly nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). This technique is very reliable and straightforward and reduces the NLPDEs into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under the wave transformation. Being motivated by the GERF technique, we proposed a newly modified generalized exponential rational function (MGERF) method under wave transformation. We obtained a diverse set of solutions involving trigonometric forms, hyperbolic forms, rational forms, and so on, which have a broad application spectrum in fields such as plasma physics, nonlinear optics, optical fibers, and nonlinear sciences by utilizing these methods. Due to the presence of various arbitrarily chosen constants, these solutions exhibit extensive and rich dynamical behavior. Based on the dynamical behaviors, we discovered that the soliton solutions were collisions of solitons, breather-like solitons, line-form solitons, multi-solitons, solitary waves, lump-form solitons, and other forms. Consider a nonlinear system with dispersive and dispersion terms, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and fractional nonlinear evolution equations, which will yield additional interesting and more achievable results. Finding solutions to these equations in solitary wave solution forms will be a difficult task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use two efficient mathematical approaches to obtain a variety of soliton solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation: the generalized Riccati equation mapping method and the newly proposed modified generalized exponential rational function method. These techniques extracted standard, illustrative, rich dynamical structures, and further comprehensive soliton solutions and traveling wave solutions involving hyperbolic form, trigonometric form, and exponential form. The obtained results have been verified by placing them back into the mentioned nonlinear partial differential equation via symbolic computation in Mathematica. Thereafter, the graphical demonstrations of some attained solutions are discussed for a better understanding of the physical phenomenon. We have portrayed the three-dimensional, contour plot, and two-dimensional graphs for different parametric values. The attained results demonstrate the generalized Riccati equation mapping method and modified generalized exponential rational function techniques for extracting soliton solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations are efficient, compatible, and reliable in nonlinear sciences, optical fibers, and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]