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Sm:YAlO 3 (Sm:YAP) crystal with size of Φ28 × 80 mm3 was grown by Czochralski (Cz) method. Polarized absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of Sm:YAP crystal were discussed for the first time. The peak emission cross-sections were calculated to be 0.80 × 10−21 cm2 (604 nm for a-polarization), 1.82 × 10−21 cm2 (604 nm for b-polarization) and 1.63 × 10−21 cm2 (610 nm for c-polarization), respectively. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters were calculated to be Ω 2 = 2.59 × 10−20 cm2, Ω 4 = 1.78 × 10−20 cm2 and Ω 6 = 2.98 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. The decay lifetime of 4G 5/2 energy level was measured to be 2.51 ms. All above results indicate the Sm:YAP crystal may be a potential candidate of reddish-orange laser pumped directly by the GaN/InGaN laser diode. • Sm:YAlO 3 crystal was grown by Cz method. • Polarized optical spectra of Sm:YAlO 3 crystal were investigated. • The transitions of 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 have the highest branching ratio value, which is suitable for reddish-orange laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+-doped CaYAlO 4 (Tm:CALYO) shaped crystals fibers with various doping concentration of 2 at.%, 3 at.%, 5 at.% and 7 at.% have been successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ -PD) method. The polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves were analyzed at room temperature. The absorption bands of 3H 6 →3H 4 transition centered at around 800 nm match well with commercial AlGaAs laser diode pumping sources. For 7 at.% Tm:CALYO crystal fiber, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission band for π polarization at 1806 nm was 225.4 nm. The fluorescence of 3F 4 level decreased strongly as the thulium concentration increased. All the results indicate that Tm:CALYO crystal fibers are promising for ultrashort and tunable laser operation. • Tm:CALYO shaped crystal fibers were grown by the micro-pulling-down technique for the first time. • The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission band for π polarization at 1806 nm was calculated to be 225.4 nm. • The fluorescence lifetime was calculated to be 4.11, 3.74, 3.55 and 2.90 ms for doping concentration of 2, 3, 5 and 7 at.%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+ doped and Tm3+, Pr3+ co-doped Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 (LuAG) garnet single crystals have been successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes were investigated at room temperature. In the absorption spectra, the transition centered at 782 nm matches well with the GaAlAs LDs laser pumping. The incorporation of Pr3+ into Tm3+-doped LuAG crystals enhanced the intensity of 1.5 μm emission and decreased the fluorescence lifetime of the lower energy level for 1.5 μm emission from 10.427 ms to 2.603 ms. The results indicate that Tm,Pr:LuAG crystal can be promising candidate for near infrared 1.5 μm laser materials. • Tm:LuAG and Tm,Pr:LuAG crystals have been successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. • Spectral parameters of Tm:LuAG and Tm,Pr:LuAG crystals were obtained and compared. • The fluorescence mechanism of Tm,Pr:LuAG crystal has been studied for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yb,Ho:Y 2 O 3 ceramics have been fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering method (SPS). The microstructure and transmittance of the ceramics sintered from 1623 K to 1673 K were analyzed. The highest in-line transmittance of Yb,Ho:Y 2 O 3 ceramic sintered at 1673 K reached almost 83% at 750 nm with the thickness of 1 mm. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay curve were recorded at room temperature. The Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω 2 , Ω 4 and Ω 6 were calculated to be 8.33 × 10−20 cm2, 1.81 × 10−20 cm2, and 0.82 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. The intense emission cross section of Yb,Ho:Y 2 O 3 ceramic was 3.43 × 10−20 cm2 at 2057 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 208 nm. The results indicate that Yb,Ho:Y 2 O 3 transparent ceramic can be a promising laser gain medium for laser operation around 2 μm. Image 1 • The highest in-line transmittance of Yb,Ho:Y 2 O 3 ceramic sintered at 1673 K reached almost 83% at 750 nm with the thickness of 1 mm. • The spectral characteristics were intensively investigated through Judd-Ofelt theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality 7 at%Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal was successfully grown by Fz method. Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to analyze spectroscopic properties at 2.7 μm. The larger value of Ω 2 shows low local environment symmetry exists in Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal, and the large Ω 4 /Ω 6 indicates better spectral quality. The larger absorption cross-section and FWHM are beneficial to efficient absorption of pump source. The fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal were measured and studied at 2.7 μm. The emission cross-sections at 2723 nm was calculated to be 1.41 × 10−20cm2. Compared with other Er3+ doped crystals, the large spectral quality factors Q and low fluorescence lifetime ratio illustrate that Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal has excellent laser properties at 2.7 μm. In addition, the low inversion ratio also indicates great potential of Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal for laser generation at 2.7 μm. • A high quality 7%Er:Y 2 O 3 laser crystal was successfully grown by Fz method. • Judd-ofelt (J-O) parameterization scheme was applied to analyze the spectroscopic properties of 7%Er:Y 2 O 3 laser crystal at 2.7 μm. • The large spectral quality factors Q with low fluorescence lifetime ratio illustrates that Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal has excellent laser properties at 2.7 µm. • The low inversion ratio indicates great potential of Er:Y 2 O 3 crystal for laser generation at 2.7 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]