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Highlights • We propose a novel chaos-based image encryption algorithm with the orbit perturbation and dynamic state variable selection mechanisms. • The two-dimensional logistic-adjusted-sine map is employed to do permutation and diffusion. • The proposed algorithm is highly sensitive to a slight difference in the plain and cipher images. • The proposed algorithm can resist known/chosen-plaintext attacks effectively. • The proposed algorithm provides excellent encryption performance in only one round. Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel chaos-based image encryption algorithm with the orbit perturbation and dynamic state variable selection mechanisms. The two-dimensional logistic-adjusted-sine map is employed to generate pseudo-random numbers. Using an auxiliary variable, the orbit of the chaotic map is perturbed continuously by the previously processed pixel and one of two state variables is selected to generate the keystream. Consequently, the keystream depends on not only the initial condition and control parameter of the chaotic map, but also on the information in the plain and cipher images, and thus, the algorithm is highly sensitive to both the images. A number of simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness and security of the algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm provides excellent encryption performance in only one round. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel double-image encryption algorithm is proposed by using chaos-based local pixel scrambling technique and gyrator transform. Two original images are first regarded as the amplitude and phase of a complex function. Arnold transform is used to scramble pixels at a local area of the complex function, where the position of the scrambled area and the Arnold transform frequency are generated by the standard map and logistic map respectively. Then the changed complex function is converted by gyrator transform. The two operations mentioned will be implemented iteratively. The system parameters in local pixel scrambling and gyrator transform serve as the keys of this encryption algorithm. Numerical simulation has been performed to test the validity and the security of the proposed encryption algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel double-image encryption algorithm is proposed, based on discrete fractional random transform and chaotic maps. The random matrices used in the discrete fractional random transform are generated by using a chaotic map. One of the two original images is scrambled by using another chaotic map, and then encoded into the phase of a complex matrix with the other original image as its amplitude. Then this complex matrix is encrypted by the discrete fractional random transform. By applying the correct keys which consist of initial values, control parameters, and truncated positions of the chaotic maps, and fractional orders, the two original images can be recovered without cross-talk. Numerical simulation has been performed to test the validity and the security of the proposed encryption algorithm. Encrypting two images together by this algorithm creates only one encrypted image, whereas other single-image encryption methods create two encrypted images. Furthermore, this algorithm requires neither the use of phase keys nor the use of matrix keys. In this sense, this algorithm can raise the efficiency when encrypting, storing or transmitting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new kind of hierarchical multiple-image encryption method based on the cascaded interference structure and vector stochastic decomposition algorithm is proposed. In this method, by using the nonequal modulus decomposition and vector stochastic decomposition algorithm, the K th-level secret image modulated by a random phase distribution is analytically encoded into a K th-level phase-only mask (POM) key and the ( K −1)th-level complex amplitude field whose real amplitude is the ( K −1)th-level secret image. Then, served as the input condition, the generated complex amplitude field is further encoded into a ( K −1)th-level POM key and the ( K −2)th-level complex amplitude, and so on, until the 1st-level complex amplitude field is decomposed into two POMs: one is the 1st-level key, and the other is the ciphertext. When decryption occurs, only when the high-level users simultaneously obtain all the phase keys, the correct sequential orders of phase keys, and the correct geometrical parameters, all the secret images are retrieved successfully. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations verify the feasibility of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiple-image encryption method is proposed that is based on row scanning compressive ghost imaging, ( t , n ) threshold secret sharing, and phase retrieval in the Fresnel domain. In the encryption process, after wavelet transform and Arnold transform of the target image, the ciphertext matrix can be first detected using a bucket detector. Based on a ( t , n ) threshold secret sharing algorithm, the measurement key used in the row scanning compressive ghost imaging can be decomposed and shared into two pairs of sub-keys, which are then reconstructed using two phase-only mask (POM) keys with fixed pixel values, placed in the input plane and transform plane 2 of the phase retrieval scheme, respectively; and the other POM key in the transform plane 1 can be generated and updated by the iterative encoding of each plaintext image. In each iteration, the target image acts as the input amplitude constraint in the input plane. During decryption, each plaintext image possessing all the correct keys can be successfully decrypted by measurement key regeneration, compression algorithm reconstruction, inverse wavelet transformation, and Fresnel transformation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations both verify the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An optical multilevel authentication based on singular value decomposition ghost imaging and (t, n) secret sharing scheme is proposed. • It realizes different levels of authentication to the certificated standard image with the same authentication system. • Singular value decomposition ghost imaging has made the reconstruction process with less time and higher quality. An optical multilevel authentication method is proposed that is based on the singular value decomposition ghost imaging (SVDGI) and (t, n) threshold secret sharing scheme. SVDGI provides an efficient reconstruction method in ghost imaging (GI) by modifying the measurement matrix with the help of singular value decomposition, which enables the reconstruction of an N -pixel image utilizing much less than N measurements with less time and a higher quality. On the other hand, the (t, n) threshold secret sharing algorithm guarantees the multilevel authentication system, in which, the modified measurement matrix is grouped into n parts as n keys and distributed to n different participants, any t (t ≤ n) or more of authorized participants with their correct keys can be collected to restore the original meaningful certification image, which is so called the high-level authentication; While in the case of low-level authentication, any t - 1 or fewer will gain no exact information of the certification image, but a remarkable peak output can be acquired in the 3D distribution of the nonlinear correlation coefficient of the standard certification image and the recovered image. So that the method successfully provides a multilevel authentication. Both numerical simulations and optical experiments validate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The optical image watermarking based on singular value decomposition ghost imaging and lifting wavelet transform is proposed. • It realizes good imperceptibility and robustness, and no original host image is needed when extracting the watermark. • Singular value decomposition ghost imaging has made the reconstruction process with less time and higher quality, and thus the reconstruction of the watermark image shows good performance. Abstract An optical image watermarking method based on singular value decomposition ghost imaging (SVDGI) and a blind watermarking algorithm is proposed. The watermark image is first encrypted by an SVDGI system, then the encrypted watermark is embedded in the host image with the help of the watermark algorithm, which uses the block discrete cosine transform (DCT) and integer lifting wavelet transform (LWT). The proposed watermarking algorithm has good imperceptibility and robustness, and no original host image is needed when extracting the watermark. SVDGI provides a new reconstruction method in ghost imaging (GI) by modifying the measurement matrix with the help of singular value decomposition, which carries out the reconstruction process in less time and at higher quality. The measurement matrix composes a secret key, and only with this key can authorized users decrypt and reconstruct the original watermark image. Both optical experiments and numerical simulations validate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multilevel image authentication method is proposed which is based on row scanning compressive ghost imaging and a hyperplane secret sharing algorithm. In the image encoding process, after the wavelet transform and Arnold transform for the certification image, through row scanning compressive ghost imaging, the ciphertext matrix can be first detected by a bucket detector (BD). Based on a hyperplane secret sharing algorithm, the measurement key using in the row scanning compressive ghost imaging, can be decomposed and shared into n subkeys, which are then distributed to n different participants. In the high-level authentication process, based on a hyperplane secret sharing algorithm and a compressive reconstruction algorithm, any t or more participants with the corresponding correct subkeys can be gathered to reconstruct the original meaningful certification image with high correlation coefficient (CC); While in the case of low-level authentication process, only one authenticator who possesses a correct subkey will gain no significant information of certification image, however, it can result in a remarkable peak output in the nonlinear correlation coefficient distribution. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations both verify the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiple-image encryption method via lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and XOR operation is proposed, which is based on a row scanning compressive ghost imaging scheme. In the encryption process, the scrambling operation is implemented for the sparse images transformed by LWT, then the XOR operation is performed on the scrambled images, and the resulting XOR images are compressed in the row scanning compressive ghost imaging, through which the ciphertext images can be detected by bucket detector arrays. During decryption, the participant who possesses his/her correct key-group, can successfully reconstruct the corresponding plaintext image by measurement key regeneration, compression algorithm reconstruction, XOR operation, sparse images recovery, and inverse LWT (iLWT). Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations validate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-level image authentication method is proposed; the method is based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry, double random phase encoding, and compressive sensing (CS) theory, by which the certification image can be encoded into two interferograms. Through discrete wavelet transform (DWT), sparseness processing, Arnold transform, and data compression, two compressed signals can be generated and delivered to two different participants of the authentication system. Only the participant who possesses the first compressed signal attempts to pass the low-level authentication. The application of Orthogonal Match Pursuit CS algorithm reconstruction, inverse Arnold transform, inverse DWT, two-step phase-shifting wavefront reconstruction, and inverse Fresnel transform can result in the output of a remarkable peak in the central location of the nonlinear correlation coefficient distributions of the recovered image and the standard certification image. Then, the other participant, who possesses the second compressed signal, is authorized to carry out the high-level authentication. Therefore, both compressed signals are collected to reconstruct the original meaningful certification image with a high correlation coefficient. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations verify the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hierarchical multilevel authentication system for multiple-image based on phase retrieval and basic vector operations in the Fresnel domain is proposed, by which more certification images are iteratively encoded into multiple cascaded phase masks according to different hierarchical levels. Based on the secret sharing algorithm by basic vector decomposition and composition operations, the iterated phase distributions are split into n pairs of shadow images keys (SIKs), and then distributed to n different participants (the authenticators). During each level in the high authentication process, any 2 or more participants can be gathered to reconstruct the original meaningful certification images. While in the case of each level in the low authentication process, only one authenticator who possesses a correct pair of SIKs, will gain no significant information of certification image; however, it can result in a remarkable peak output in the nonlinear correlation coefficient of the recovered image and the standard certification image, which can successfully provide an additional authentication layer for the high-level authentication. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations both verify the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]