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We propose a scheme of all-optical clock recovery (AOCR) based on ultrahigh-order mode locking by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which can directly extract the optical clock from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) pseudo-random-binary-sequence (PRBS) data. Firstly we demonstrate that the active mode locking system can generate stable high repetition frequency ultrashort pulse train, and adjusting the modulator's bias voltage and polarization states one can realize doubling the repetition frequency. Due to robust mode locking configuration, we successfully realize the AOCR up to 40 Gbits/s from the PRBS (231-1) NRZ optical signals without NRZ to RZ conversion, while the signal to noise ratio of the recovered optical clock is more than 20 dB with high stability, and the pulse width is short as 1.85 ps. Owing to the ultrafast nonlinear polarization rotation in the SOA, our scheme can execute AOCR for data rate of 100 Gbits/s and more. • Propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of all-optical clock recovery (AOCR) based on ultrahigh-order (>2000th) mode-locked laser. • Using actively mode-locking technology we generate high-stable high-frequency (11 GHz) optical pulse train. • Successfully carry out the all-optical clock recovery from 40 Gbits/s PRBS NRZ optical signals. • The scheme has the ability to recover optical clock signals from 100 Gbits/s data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]