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We present experimental observations and corresponding numerical simulations illustrating the difference-frequency generation of mid-infrared radiation using few-cycle near-infrared-to-visible pulses, which yields conversion efficiencies above 12% in beta-barium borate crystal. Type I and type II phase-matching are shown to yield qualitatively different intensity-scaling behavior, with the former showing higher overall efficiency, especially with the addition of a zero-order wave plate for modifying the polarization state of the pulse, and the latter having a better stability of the spectrum versus input intensity.

We produce 1.5 cycle (10.5 fs), 1.2 mJ, 3 kHz carrier-envelope-phase-stable pulses at 2.1 μm carrier wavelength, from a three-stage optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier system, pumped by an optically synchronized 1.6 ps Yb:YAG thin disk laser. A chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal is used to generate the ultrabroad spectrum needed for a 1.5 cycle pulse through difference frequency mixing of spectrally broadened pulse from a Ti:sapphire amplifier. It will be an ideal tool for producing isolated attosecond pulses with high photon energies.

We report an optically synchronized picosecond pump laser for optical parametric amplifiers based on an Yb:YAG thin-disk amplifier. At 3 kHz repetition rate, pulse energies of 25 mJ with 1.6 ps pulse duration were achieved with an rms fluctuation in pulse energy of <0.7% by utilizing a broadly intermittent single-energy regime in the deterministic chaos of a continuously pumped regenerative amplifier.

A beam shaper suitable for sub-20 fs pulses based on a prism pair and a computer-generated hologram was developed to produce vortex beams. Comparatively high throughput and the ability to tune the group-velocity dispersion make this shaper suitable for pulses from femtosecond oscillators and amplifiers and where there is a need for additional postchirp or prechirp compensation.