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Due to the demands of the fast identifying method of the typical blood cells in scientific research and clinical examination, a new quick sub-structure imaging approach is presented. In this method, two orthogonal phase images of a cell's model are obtained by simulation experiment at first. According to the characteristics of the phase mutation which occurs on the boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm, the outlines of the model, including the ones of the sub-structure, could be extracted by edge detection. In view of the symmetry of the outlines, the geometrical model of the sample may be approximately segmented into several parts of revolving bodies. Furthermore, the revolving body could be built by rotating an outline along the perpendicular one. And then, the rest revolving bodies could be reconstructed by the same way. After all, the 3D sub-structure image is built based on their space structure characteristic. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by a simulated monocyte, and the result agrees well with the real one. It shows that the method is very efficient and the characteristic of typical blood cells can be described.