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This study developed an inversion algorithm for the CO 2 -sounder instrument to be launched on a Chinese satellite. By using the L1B spectral data of the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) as input, the simulation results of the column averaged CO 2 dry air mole fraction (XCO 2 ) retrieved from the CO 2 -sounder algorithm were obtained and compared with the GOSAT L2 XCO 2 products for different seasons and geolocations. The simulation data showed a tendency to be less than the GOSAT L2 data, but the two data sets were generally in agreement with a global mean difference of −4.05 ± 6.06 ppm. For the matched data pairs, 51% had their relative differences less than 1% in absolute value, and 76% less than 2%. The seasonal and latitudinal variations of the XCO 2 differences were also investigated, and the largest discrepancy was found in the desert areas with the relative differences of about 3%–4%. These results suggested that better consistency between the two data sets could be achieved if more realistic observational parameters instead of model values were used in the simulation. These parameters included the a priori profiles of atmospheric temperature, concentrations of CO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 O, surface reflectance, aerosol and cloud indices, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]