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Oral Diseases (2011) , 328-334 The aim of this study was to assess the expression levels of two proteins, such as PRDX6 and cyclophilin A (CypA), and to evaluate their relationship with clinicopathologic features and survival in tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs). An immunohistochemical study was performed comprising a total of 42 tissue samples of patients suffering from TSCCs as well as 10 corresponding adjacent normal tissues. After detection of PRDX6 and CypA, their expression levels were semiquantitatively evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic variables. Both PRDX6 and CypA expressions were significantly higher in tissue samples of TSCCs compared with the 10 corresponding adjacent normal tissues ( < 0.01). A statistically significant correlation in TSCCs regarding the expression of PRDX6 and CypA was revealed ( P = 0.005), and the lymphadenectasis was correlated with PRDX6 ( P < 0.05). Results of a multivariate analysis revealed age, CypA expression, cervical lymph node metastases, and tongue cancer differentiation to be independent prognostic variables in respect of the overall survival rate ( P < 0.05). It could be detected that PRDX6 and CypA are associated with tumorigenesis in TSCCs. High levels of CypA expression may predict reduced survival time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upregulation of co‐inhibitory immune checkpoints hampers the immune response toward tumor cells and facilitates the tumor cells ability to evade immunosurveillance. Specific inhibitory immune checkpoint delivers inhibitory signals to T cells using multiple mechanisms. More in‐depth understanding of the co‐inhibitory immune checkpoints could be exploited for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. In this review, we summarize the expression and the mechanism of partial co‐inhibitory immune checkpoint signals and discuss targeting co‐inhibitory immune checkpoints as an immunotherapeutic target for cancer therapy. This review may provide a better understanding of the co‐inhibitory immune checkpoints and could promote applications of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Our aim is to evaluate the expression of SATB1 in human oral squamous cell carcinomas ( OSCC) and its role in the invasiveness and metastasis of OSCC. Subjects and methods A human OSCC tissue microarray was used to evaluate the expression pattern of SATB1. SATB1 mRNA knockdown was performed in human OSCC cell lines SCC25 and Cal27 to assess the function of SATB1 in the invasiveness and metastasis of OSCC. Results SATB1 is highly expressed in human OSCC determined by immunohistochemistry, and its nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of histoscore is significantly correlated with patients' prognosis. Reduced cell motility, invasiveness, expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( EMT) markers (N-cadherin and β-catenin), and elevated expression of epithelial markers were observed in SATB1-knockdown cells in in vitro studies. Depletion of SATB1 also restored a cobblestone-like morphology in TGF-β1-treated cells. Conclusions These findings suggest SATB1 may play an important role in OSCC invasiveness and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the influence of maxillary impacted canines on the root morphology of adjacent premolars in a Chinese population. Subjects and Methods A sample of 370 Chinese subjects with maxillary canine impaction and 370 control subjects were collected in this study. CBCT data of all subjects were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of separate-rooted maxillary premolars was compared between subjects with and without impacted canines. Then, the prevalence of separate-rooted maxillary premolars was compared between subjects with buccal canine impaction ( BIC) and those with palatal impaction ( PIC). Results The prevalence of separate-rooted first premolars was significantly higher in the canine impaction group ( P = 0.046), but the prevalence of separate-rooted second premolars was not different ( P = 0.780). Furthermore, a significant higher prevalence of first premolar root separation was found on the impacted site in the BIC subgroup ( P < 0.001), but not in the PIC subgroup ( P = 0.508). Also, the prevalence of separate-rooted first premolars in the BIC subgroup was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P = 0.008), but not so for the PIC subgroup ( P = 0.097). Conclusions Buccally impacted maxillary canines are associated with an increased prevalence of root separation in the adjacent maxillary first premolars. This is likely because that buccally impacted canines encroach on the space needed for root development of the first premolars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]