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Objective: Occasionally, the clinical diagnosis of Candida-associated lesion is difficult because of a variety of its clinical manifestations. There have been a few reports on Candida-associated lip lesion except angular cheilitis. In this paper, we investigate the relation of Candida in persistent lesions of the lip. Subjects and methods: The present study includes consecutive nine patients with persistent erosive lip lesion. For each patient the age at presentation, gender, duration of the disease, other symptoms or signs, complete medical history and prior treatment or medications for the symptom were obtained. Then, mycological examination and the direct cytologic examination were performed. Results: The reported average duration of the disease was 7 months. Six of nine patients had received prior treatments with topical steroids at the other clinic, which failed to resolve their symptoms. Six of nine patients had a predisposing factor for candidiasis. In the culture examination, Candida albicans were isolated in seven patients (77.8%). Five of nine patients received the direct cytologic examination, and four of them revealed pseudohyphae of fungi. The anti-fungal treatment was miconazol gel 25 mg four times per day, and average duration of the treatment was 2 weeks. The outcome was as follows: complete remission in five, remarkable response in two and no response in two. Conclusion: Our results suggested that one form of the varieties of Candida-associated lesions might be considered in the case of lip lesion with unknown origin that was persistent and ineffective to the topical steroids treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated patients with tongue pain to examine whether the differential diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome and Candida-associated lesion was possible. Patients and methods: Sixty patients with tongue pain were divided into three groups according to the intensity of pain at rest and that when eating using the visual analogue scale: Group A: Functional pain group. Group B: Non-functional pain group. Group C: Mixed pain group. Antifungal treatment was scheduled for patients suspected clinically, mycologically or cytologically as having candidal infection. Results: The results of the culture test and direct examination indicated that group A was different from others by its high positivity for Candida, a good response to the antifungal treatment was obtained. On the other hand, antifungal treatment was not useful in group B, and the low possibility of Candida infection in the direct examination supported the result in this group. In group C, the positivity of Candida and the effect of the antifungal treatment were between groups A and B. Conclusion: These results may suggest that tongue pain in group A is Candida-associated, that in group B is burning mouth syndrome-induced and that of group C is mixed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]