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Summary: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, the most abundant isoform of TGF-β have been implicated in various stages of carcinogenesis such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, enhanced expression of metalloproteases, down-regulation of cellular adhesion molecule, increased tumor motility and angiogenesis as well as local and systemic immunosuppression leading to a more aggressive and metastatic behavior. We assessed the association of TGF-β1 functional genetic polymorphisms at codon 10 (869 T>C) and 25 (915 G>C) of exon 1 in 140 patients with tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 120 normal subjects by PCR–RFLP. The frequency of 869 CC genotype and C allele were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls (Pc , 0.024 and 0.0004, respectively) while no significant difference was observed in the frequency of 915 CC genotype and C allele. In logistic regression analysis CC genotype (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.78–8.41) and C allele (OR, 2.20; 95% CI 1.51–3.20) appeared as susceptible while TT genotype and T allele as protective. In addition C869–C915 haplotype with OR of 2.48 at 95% CI, 1.51–4.06 significantly (P =0.0003) increased the risk of tobacco-related OSCC in Asian Indians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: We assessed the association of COX-2 polymorphisms at promoter sites −1195, −765 and at 3′UTR (8473) in 193 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 137 normal subjects by PCR–RFLP. Although no significant difference was observed in the frequency of COX-2 −1195G>A, −765G>C and 8473C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between patients and controls, COX-2 −1195G/A genotype showed higher while −765G/C and 8473C/T showed lower prevalence in patients as compared to normal subjects. Logistic regression analysis of these three polymorphisms revealed a quantitative risk associated with −1195G>A SNP (OR 3.07 at 95%CI) while −765G>C and 8473C>T appeared to be protective. Results of the present study indicate that these three functional variants in the COX-2 regulatory region may contribute to risk modification of tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Asian Indians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]