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Objectives: To describe differences in cancer stem cell (CSC) presence and behavior associated with their intratumor compartment of origin using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).Materials and Methods: Four HPV-negative OCSCC PDX cases were selected (CUHN004, CUHN013, CUHN096, CUHN111) and the percentage of CSCs (ALDH+CD44high) was measured in the tumor Leading Edge (LE) and Core compartments of each PDX tumor case via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The fraction of cells in the proliferative phase was measured by Ki-67 labelling index of paraffin embedded tissue. The proliferation and invasion of LE versus Core CSCs were compared using sphere and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively.Results: Both CUHN111 and CUHN004 demonstrate CSC enrichment in their LE compartments while CUHN013 and CUHN096 show no intratumor difference. Cases with LE CSC enrichment demonstrate greater Ki-67 labelling at the LE. CSC proliferative potential, assessed by sphere formation, reveals greater sphere formation in CUHN111 LE CSCs, but no difference between CUHN013 LE and Core CSCs. CUHN111 CSCs do not demonstrate an intratumor difference in invasiveness while CUHN013 LE CSCs are more invasive than Core CSCs.Conclusion: A discrete intratumor CSC niche is present in a subset of OCSCC PDX tumors. The CSC functional phenotype with regard to proliferation and invasion is associated with the intratumor compartment of origin of the CSC: LE or Core. These individual functional characteristics appear to be modulated independently of one another and independently of the presence of an intratumor CSC niche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine if there is a critical depth of invasion that predicts micrometastasis in early oral tongue cancer.Methods: Retrospective series identifying patients undergoing primary surgical resection of T1 or T2 oral tongue cancer who elected against neck treatment between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional-hazard model compared the relative hazard and cumulative incidence of recurrence to depth of invasion. The model used a 2 parameter quadratic effect for depth that was chosen based on Akaike's information criterion.Results: Ninety-three patients were identified with T1 or T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 neck undergoing glossectomy without elective neck treatment. 61% were male and median age was 60 years. Median follow up was 45 months, and 76 patients had at least two years of follow up. Thirty-six of 76 patients recurred (47.4%), with 15 recurring in the oral cavity (19.7%) and 21 developing nodal metastasis (27.6%). Cox proportional-hazards quadratic polynomial showed increasing hazard of recurrence with depth of invasion and the cumulative incidence increased sharply within the range of data from 2 to 6 mm depth of invasion.Conclusions: Depth of invasion is significantly associated with nodal metastasis and has been added to the 8th AJCC staging guidelines. Variable depths of invasion have been associated with regional metastasis; however, there is likely not a critical depth that predicts neck recurrence due to progressive hazards and cumulative risk of occult metastasis. The risk of regional metastasis is likely much greater than previously believed and increases progressively with increasing depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the influence of isoflurane on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines in vitro. MTT test was used to detect the cell proliferation. It was performed 72h after exposure to isoflurane to make sure that a time for normal cell cycle progression was allowed. The cell apoptosis of Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines were detected by flow cytometry. We used transwell chamber to detect the cell invasion of Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines. There was a statistically significant increase of cell proliferation in Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines after exposure to 2% isoflurane for 3 and 6h. The difference between 3 and 6h group is statistically significant in Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines. Flow cytometry showed that there was a decrease of cell apoptosis in Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines after exposure to 2% isoflurane for 3 and 6h. Transwell test showed there was a statistically significant increase of cell invasion in Tca8113 and HSC2 cell lines after exposure to 2% isoflurane for 3 and 6h, and it showed a significant difference between 3h group and 6h group of Tca8113 cell line. Our results demonstrated that isoflurane increased malignancy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Isoflurane might enhance tumor development and promote metastasis of tumor cells in HNSCC patients. It is suggested that it might be more suitable to choose total intravenous anesthesia for HNSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI for measuring invasion depth in oral/oropharyngeal carcinoma. We retrospectively reviewed pathologic specimens and MRI findings of 114 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Invasion depths were evaluated in pathologic specimens and by MRI. The mean histologic and MRI invasion depths were 13.57±8.476 and 15.24±10.700mm, respectively. The overall Pearson’s correlation coefficient for histologic and MRI (T1W-MRI) invasion depths was 0.825, which was statistically significant (P <0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for histologic and MRI invasion depths in oral tongue, tongue base, and tonsil cancers were 0.949, 0.941, and 0.578, respectively. The MRI invasion depth was significantly different according to nodal status in cancers of the oral tongue (P =0.001∗) and tongue base (P =0.003∗). With MRI, the invasion depth cutoff values for determining positive nodes were 9.5 and 14.5mm in cancers of the oral tongue and tongue base, respectively. Preoperative MRI is an accurate method for measuring tumor invasion depth in oral tongue and tongue base cancers. Furthermore, it has predictive value for nodal metastasis in the oral tongue and tongue base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]