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Although the cousience and character of a good doctor are sufficient on their own to allow us to discuss and make decisions regarding very difficult ethical subjects in transplantation, basic ethical principles commonly used in medicine must also be applied to various aspects of organ donation. Some system has to be adopted that assesses the weight that must be given to various possible solutions. For example, would live donor transplantation still be acceptable if there were a surfeit of cadaveric organs? If animal organs can be transplanted successfully, is that more desirable than using human organs: particularly if human donation involves interventional ventilation or non-heart beating donors? Is interventional ventilation more "ethical" than live donor liver or lung transplantation? No doubt future developments in transplantation, opening more opportunities for the successful treatment of more patients, are likely to produce increasingly difficult ethical issues. Discussions of these issues must be firmly based on principles of medical ethics, although accepting that whilst absolute principles may be available, absolute answers are more difficult to come by.

The author reviews the rules of conduct to be followed in lectures and he identifies a number of advices, useful for young colleagues. The fundamental ethical goal of lectures is to serve the audience as well as possible. The author touches upon the most important general rules of oral communications such as punctuality, discipline of remaining within time limitations, but he also describes advices how to work and deliver talks lectures. In conclusion he elaborates on his own view regarding the lecture opportunities that grow in our days, the effectiveness of which, however, leaves much to be desired.

The author discusses some ideas concerning the sharing of scientific informations. The fundamental goal of the latter is to serve the readers as perfectly as possible. A physician of research ambitions may valuable contribute to the progress of applied sciences but this must not jeopardize the medical care of the patients. Reading relevant literature is one of the prime obligations of all doctors. The author raises some dilemmas and question concerning how to write publications while he attempts to clarify matters. He emphasizes that the importance of correctness of a publication is second to none. The problem of fragmentation and that of "double publication" is also briefly discussed. The author elaborates on how to identify the co-authors and the sequence they appear in the publication. He provides some hands- on advice as to the concise language and abbreviations. He enters the list for the qualitative improvement rather than quantitative increase of publications in Hungary.

The infrequent case of gallbladder torsion and accompanying Meckel's diverticulum in a 3-year-old girl, is described. Detorquation, cholecystectomy and resection of the diverticulum were performed. Condition of the development of the disease as well as its clinical aspects and therapy are discussed. It is suggested to explore the abdominal cavity for other developmental anomalies in the course of the operation. The patient recovered without complications and left the hospital 14 days after the operation.