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The role of allergy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has long been debated and remains controversial. The 2 diseases frequently co-occur; however, direct causality has never been proved. The literature is largely mixed as to the manner and degree by which allergy contributes to CRS and this is in large part due to heterogeneity in the definitions of allergy and of CRS. In this review, the potential role of allergy in the disease processes of CRS without polyps, CRS with polyps, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is discussed., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Modern advances in DNA sequencing have allowed for the development of culture-independent techniques with application to infectious and inflammatory conditions, such as rhinosinusitis. Although paradigm-changing discoveries have resulted from molecular microbiologic methods for a number of diseases, insights provided into the role of bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitis have yet to be fully understood to the point of impacting clinical diagnosis and management. As culture-independent techniques continue to evolve and become more refined, it is likely that a better understanding will emerge of how the microbiome influences chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis and response to therapy., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Major complications during endoscopic sinus surgery are rare and occur in 0.36% to 3.1% of patients. Postoperative hemorrhage accounts for 23% to 39% of complications. Despite being rare, major hemorrhage can be serious for the patient. This article discusses hemorrhagic complications during and following endoscopic sinus surgery, focusing on a review of the surgical anatomy, common pitfalls to avoid, preventative measures, and management of certain catastrophic complications for which preparedness can mean the difference between life and death., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)